Major Events of 1909: Key Historical Moments You Need to Know

Every year brings its own set of pivotal moments that leave a lasting mark on history. From political shifts and technological advancements to cultural breakthroughs, these events shape the world and influence the future. In this comprehensive overview, we'll explore the most significant occurrences from 1909, highlighting key moments that continue to impact our lives today.

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Major Events of 1909 - Historical Moments That Defined the Year | TakeMeBack.to

01 Jan World Record Marathon Performance: Robert Fowler sets a world record marathon time of 2 hours, 52 minutes, and 45.4 seconds, highlighting the evolving standards of long-distance running in the early 20th century.
02 Jan First Official Dutch 11 City Skating Race: The inaugural Elfstedentocht, a 200-kilometer ice-skating race through eleven cities in Friesland, Netherlands, was held on January 2, 1909. Organized by the Association of the Eleven Frisian Towns, the event attracted 22 participants and has since become a cherished Dutch tradition. source: en.wikipedia.org
03 Jan Victor Borge Born in Copenhagen: Victor Borge, the Danish-American comedian, conductor, and pianist, was born in Copenhagen on January 3, 1909. He became renowned for his unique blend of classical music and comedy. source: en.wikipedia.org
06 Jan Great White Fleet completes Suez Canal transit: On January 6, 1909, the Great White Fleet, comprising 16 U.S. Navy battleships, successfully navigated the Suez Canal, marking a significant milestone in their global voyage. source: history.navy.mil
07 Jan First pilot's licenses issued in France: On January 7, 1909, France issued its first pilot's licenses, marking a significant development in aviation history. source: en.wikipedia.org
09 Jan First pilot's licenses issued in France: On January 9, 1909, France issued its first pilot's licenses, marking a significant development in aviation history. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Jan Deadly mine explosion in Switchback, West Virginia: On January 12, 1909, a methane explosion occurred in the Lick Branch Mine at Switchback, West Virginia, resulting in the deaths of 66 miners. This followed a previous explosion on December 29, 1908, which killed 51 miners. source: wvgw.net
19 Jan Eugene Walter's 'The Easiest Way' Broadway Premiere: Eugene Walter's play 'The Easiest Way' premiered on Broadway at the Stuyvesant Theatre on January 19, 1909. The production was directed by David Belasco and starred Frances Starr as Laura Murdock. The play ran until June 1909. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 Jan General Motors Acquires Oakland Motor Car Company: On January 20, 1909, General Motors purchased a one-half interest in the Oakland Motor Company of Pontiac, Michigan. GM later acquired full control after the death of Oakland's founder, Edward Murphy, and discontinued the Oakland Motor division in 1932. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Jan Japan and Russia Reject U.S. Neutrality Proposal in Manchuria: On January 21, 1909, Japan and Russia rejected a U.S. proposal for neutrality in Manchuria, indicating the complexities of international relations in the region during that period.
22 Jan Founding of Künstlerverein by Vassily Kandinsky: On January 22, 1909, Vassily Kandinsky founded the Künstlerverein, an artists' association that played a significant role in the development of modern art.
23 Jan First Maritime Radio Distress Signal: SS Republic Incident: On January 23, 1909, the SS Republic sent the first maritime radio distress signal, marking a significant advancement in maritime safety communication. source: Wikipedia (day-month pages)
27 Jan Samuel G. Cosgrove becomes Washington Governor: Samuel G. Cosgrove was inaugurated as the sixth Governor of Washington on January 27, 1909. He served a brief tenure, passing away on March 28, 1909. source: en.wikipedia.org
07 Feb Establishment of Schuckmannsburg in Namibia: On February 7, 1909, Captain Kurt Streitwolf founded Schuckmannsburg, later renamed Luhonono, in the Caprivi Strip of German South West Africa. The settlement served as an administrative center to assert German control over the region, which had been part of German South West Africa since 1890. Schuckmannsburg was strategically located near the British settlement of Mwandi in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), facilitating administrative functions. source: en.wikipedia.org
08 Feb Record snowfall in Sioux Falls: On February 8-9, 1909, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, experienced a major snowstorm, dropping 21 inches of snow accompanied by high winds that created large drifts. source: weather.gov
11 Feb William Howard Taft returns from Panama: President-elect William Howard Taft returned to the United States from Panama on February 11, 1909, arriving in New Orleans to enthusiastic crowds. After disembarking from the cruiser, he boarded the steamer to travel up the Mississippi River. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Feb Lincoln Centennial Celebration: On February 12, 1909, the centennial of Abraham Lincoln's birth, a group including W.E.B. Du Bois and Ida B. Wells-Barnett announced the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in New York City. source: history.com
17 Feb NAACP founded: On February 17, 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in New York City by a multiracial group of activists, including W.E.B. Du Bois and Ida B. Wells-Barnett. source: history.com
22 Feb Great White Fleet completes global circumnavigation: On February 22, 1909, the United States Navy's Great White Fleet returned to Hampton Roads, Virginia, after a 26-month, 43,000-mile voyage around the world. The fleet's mission was to demonstrate American naval power and foster international goodwill. source: usnhistory.navylive.dodlive.mil
23 Feb First airplane flight in Canada: On February 23, 1909, the first recorded airplane flight in Canada took place. The aircraft, piloted by J.A.D. McCurdy, flew in Baddeck, Nova Scotia, marking a significant milestone in Canadian aviation history. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 Feb First National Woman's Day in the United States: On February 28, 1909, the Socialist Party of America organized the first National Woman's Day in New York City. This event commemorated the one-year anniversary of the garment workers' strike and advocated for women's rights, including suffrage. The observance laid the foundation for what would become International Women's Day. source: nps.gov
04 Mar William Howard Taft's Historic Indoor Inauguration: Due to a severe blizzard, President William Howard Taft's inauguration was moved indoors to the Senate Chamber of the U.S. Capitol. Despite the adverse weather, the inaugural parade proceeded as planned, with city workers clearing the route. This marked the first time the First Lady, Helen Herron Taft, accompanied her husband in leading the parade from the Capitol to the White House. source: inaugural.senate.gov
05 Mar Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company Founded: Mutual of Omaha Insurance Company was founded on March 5, 1909, in Omaha, Nebraska. The company has since grown into a major provider of health and life insurance products.
14 Mar André Pieyre de Mandiargues born in Paris: French novelist André Pieyre de Mandiargues was born in Paris on March 14, 1909. He became associated with the Surrealists and won the Prix Goncourt in 1967 for his novel 'La Marge'. source: en.wikipedia.org
18 Mar First Short-Wave Radio Broadcast in Denmark: On March 18, 1909, Einar Dessau used a shortwave radio transmitter in Denmark, marking the first short-wave radio broadcast in the country. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Mar Crazy Snake Rebellion erupts in Oklahoma: The Crazy Snake Rebellion, also known as the Smoked Meat Rebellion, began in March 1909 in Oklahoma. It was a conflict between Creek traditionalists, led by Chitto Harjo (also known as Crazy Snake), and American settlers. The rebellion was sparked by allegations that a member of the Creek group or their African American allies had stolen meat from a local white farmer. A sheriff's deputy was sent to arrest the alleged thief, but the African Americans resisted, leading to a confrontation where one African American was killed and 42 others were arrested. This incident marked the beginning of the rebellion, which escalated over the following days. source: en.wikipedia.org
26 Mar Pioneering neurosurgical procedure performed: On March 26, 1909, a pioneering neurosurgical procedure was successfully performed, marking a significant advancement in the field of neurosurgery. The procedure demonstrated the potential for surgical intervention in treating brain injuries and disorders, laying the groundwork for future developments in neurosurgical techniques.
27 Mar Serbian Crown Prince renounces throne: On March 27, 1909, Serbian Crown Prince George renounced his claim to the throne. His decision was influenced by personal and political factors, including his marriage to a commoner, which was considered morganatic and not recognized by the Serbian constitution. This event had significant implications for the Serbian monarchy and its succession laws.
29 Mar E. Power Biggs: Pioneering concert organist: E. Power Biggs, a renowned concert organist, was born on March 29, 1909. He was instrumental in reviving interest in the pipe organ and made significant contributions to its performance and recording. Biggs' work expanded the organ repertoire and brought the instrument to a wider audience.
30 Mar Queensboro Bridge opens in New York City: The Queensboro Bridge, connecting Manhattan and Queens, officially opened on March 30, 1909. This significant engineering feat was designed by architect Edward H. Hart and has since become an iconic structure in New York City. source: nyc.gov
31 Mar First newsreel introduced: The first newsreel, a short film that presents news stories, was introduced on March 31, 1909. This innovation transformed the way news was disseminated to the public, paving the way for modern journalism. source: britannica.com
01 Apr United States bans opium imports: On April 1, 1909, the United States enacted a ban on opium imports, reflecting growing concerns about drug addiction and public health. This legislation was part of a broader movement towards drug regulation in the early 20th century. source: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
02 Apr Children's Charter enacted in Great Britain: The Children's Charter was enacted in Great Britain on April 2, 1909, aimed at improving the welfare of children. This legislation was a significant step in child protection and social reform during the early 20th century. source: britannica.com
03 Apr $10,000 Marathon Derby in New York City: On April 3, 1909, the $10,000 Marathon Derby was held at the Polo Grounds in New York City, featuring top marathon runners including Dorando Pietri, Johnny Hayes, and Henri St. Yves. Approximately 30,000 spectators attended the event, which was won by Henri St. Yves. source: vault.si.com
04 Apr First NYC Automobile Speed Limits Implemented: On April 4, 1909, New York City implemented its first speed limits for automobiles, setting a maximum speed of 12 miles per hour. source: en.wikipedia.org
08 Apr Great Britain and France approve Bosnia-Herzegovina annexation: On April 8, 1909, Great Britain and France officially approved the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary. This decision was part of the broader geopolitical tensions in Europe leading up to World War I. source: britannica.com
09 Apr Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act passed: The Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act was passed on April 9, 1909, aimed at raising certain tariffs on goods imported into the United States. The act faced criticism for not significantly lowering tariffs as initially promised by President Taft. source: archives.gov
10 Apr Tragic death of Professor Ross G. Marvin during Arctic expedition: Professor Ross G. Marvin died on April 10, 1909, during an Arctic expedition. His death highlighted the dangers faced by explorers in extreme environments and contributed to discussions on Arctic exploration safety. source: nytimes.com
11 Apr Founding of Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv was founded on April 11, 1909, as a modern city adjacent to Jaffa. This event marked a significant development in the establishment of a Jewish urban center in Palestine. source: britannica.com
12 Apr Opening of Shibe Park: A milestone in baseball stadium design: Shibe Park opened on April 12, 1909, in Philadelphia, becoming one of the first baseball parks designed specifically for the sport. It set new standards for stadium design and fan experience. source: britannica.com
13 Apr Ottoman political upheaval: On April 13, 1909, significant political upheaval occurred in the Ottoman Empire, leading to the Young Turk Revolution. This event was pivotal in the empire's transition towards modernization and reform. source: britannica.com
14 Apr Formation of Anglo-Persian Oil Company: On April 14, 1909, Burmah Oil Company established the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) as a subsidiary, marking the beginning of British oil exploration in Persia. APOC was incorporated to exploit the significant oil reserves discovered in Masjed-e Soleymān, southwestern Persia, in 1908. The British government later acquired a controlling stake in the company, leading to its renaming as the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1935 and subsequently as British Petroleum (BP) in 1954. source: en.wikipedia.org
18 Apr Joan of Arc beatified: On April 18, 1909, Joan of Arc was beatified by Pope Pius X in a ceremony at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. This event recognized her as 'Blessed' within the Catholic Church, acknowledging her martyrdom and virtuous life. The beatification was a significant step in the process toward her eventual canonization as a saint in 1920. source: telegraph.co.uk
19 Apr Anglo-Persian Oil Company Incorporation: On April 19, 1909, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) was incorporated as a subsidiary of Burmah Oil Company, following the discovery of significant oil reserves in Persia. The British government later acquired a controlling stake in the company, leading to its renaming as the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1935 and subsequently as British Petroleum (BP) in 1954. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 Apr Mary Pickford's first film appearance: On April 20, 1909, Gladys Smith, later known as Mary Pickford, made her first film appearance in D.W. Griffith's 'Her First Biscuits.' At 16, she played a small role, marking the beginning of her prolific career in the silent film era. Within five years, Pickford became one of the most popular film actresses. source: en.wikipedia.org
27 Apr Deposition of Sultan Abdul Hamid II: Sultan Abdul Hamid II was deposed by the Turkish Parliament after supporting a counter-revolution to restore his absolute powers, leading to his replacement by his brother, Mehmed V. source: historycentral.com
28 Apr Deposition of Sultan Abdul Hamid II: Sultan Abdul Hamid II was deposed by the Turkish Parliament after supporting a counter-revolution to restore his absolute powers, leading to his replacement by his brother, Mehmed V. source: historycentral.com
02 May Manuel Amador Guerrero, Panama's first president, dies: Manuel Amador Guerrero, the first president of Panama, passed away on May 2, 1909, in Panama City. source: en.wikipedia.org
07 May Edwin H. Land: Pioneer of Instant Photography: Edwin Herbert Land, born on May 7, 1909, was an American scientist and inventor best known for developing the first practical system of in-camera instant photography and co-founding the Polaroid Corporation. source: lemelson.mit.edu
12 May 34th Preakness Stakes Horse Race: The 34th Preakness Stakes was held at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland, on May 12, 1909. The race was won by Effendi, ridden by jockey Willie Doyle, who completed the mile in 1:39.8. This victory marked the first time the winning horse's silks were painted atop the Grand Clubhouse's Cupola on the weathervane, a tradition that spread to other tracks worldwide. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 May Harper B. Lee's first bullfighting performance: James Harper Gillett, known as Harper Baylor Lee, made his professional bullfighting debut in Mexico City on May 16, 1909. Born in Ysleta, Texas, in 1884, Lee was the first American to achieve the rank of matador de toros in Mexico. His performance in Mexico City marked a significant milestone in his bullfighting career. source: tshaonline.org
17 May First Lady Nellie Taft suffers stroke: On May 17, 1909, First Lady Helen "Nellie" Taft suffered a stroke while at the White House, impairing her speech abilities. She recovered after one year. source: millercenter.org
18 May Death of Isaac Albéniz: Spanish composer and pianist Isaac Albéniz died on May 18, 1909. He was renowned for his piano compositions that incorporated Spanish folk music. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 May Matt Busby: Legendary football manager born: Sir Matt Busby, a legendary football manager, was born on May 20, 1909. He is best known for his long tenure with Manchester United. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 May San Francisco's first fireboat launched: San Francisco's first fireboat was launched on May 22, 1909, enhancing the city's firefighting capabilities on the waterfront. source: en.wikipedia.org
24 May Sweden establishes first European national parks: On May 24, 1909, Sweden established nine national parks, becoming the first European country to do so. These parks were created to preserve areas of natural beauty and scientific interest, setting a precedent for nature conservation in Europe. source: nationalgeographic.com
29 May Frank Baker's First Major League Home Run: Frank "Home Run" Baker hit his first Major League home run on May 29, 1909, at Shibe Park in Philadelphia. source: en.wikipedia.org
02 Jun Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia: On June 2, 1909, Alfred Deakin was sworn in as Australia's Prime Minister for the third time. This followed the formation of the 'Fusion' government, a coalition between the Protectionist Party and the Free Trade Party, marking the beginning of Australia's two-party system. source: explore.moadoph.gov.au
04 Jun Devastating Earthquake and Tsunami in Sumatra: On June 4, 1909, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck Sumatra, Indonesia, causing extensive damage and resulting in between 195 and 230 fatalities. source: en.wikipedia.org
07 Jun German Unfair Competition Act: The German Unfair Competition Act, known as "Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb," was enacted on June 7, 1909. This legislation aimed to protect businesses and consumers by prohibiting unfair commercial practices, such as deceptive advertising and misleading statements about products or services. It laid the foundation for modern competition law in Germany. source: wipo.int
08 Jun West Virginia Railroad Fare Legal Ruling: On June 8, 1909, Judge S.C. Burdett ruled that the two-cent fare law did not apply to the Coal & Coke Railroad, granting the company's request to prevent enforcement of the law by Attorney General Conley and Prosecuting Attorney Avis. source: archive.wvculture.org
10 Jun First Lincoln Penny Introduced in United States: On June 10, 1909, the first Lincoln penny was introduced in the United States, featuring a portrait of Abraham Lincoln.
14 Jun Ernest Shackleton returns from Antarctic expedition: On June 14, 1909, explorer Ernest Shackleton returned to London after his Antarctic expedition. He was greeted by enthusiastic crowds and was knighted by King Edward VII for his achievements. source: rsgs.org
17 Jun RMS Megantic's maiden transatlantic voyage: The RMS Megantic, a British ocean liner built by Harland and Wolff, embarked on its maiden voyage from Liverpool to Montreal on June 17, 1909. This ship, launched in December 1908, was among the largest on the Liverpool to Canada route at the time. source: oocities.org
18 Jun Nannie Burroughs establishes groundbreaking educational institution: On June 18, 1909, Nannie Helen Burroughs founded the National Training School for Women and Girls in Washington, D.C. This institution was the first in the nation to provide vocational training for African-American females, offering education in domestic arts and various vocations. source: washingtonpost.com
20 Jun Typhoid Mary Mallon story revealed: On June 20, 1909, the case of Mary Mallon, known as 'Typhoid Mary,' was publicly revealed. Mallon was an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever, responsible for multiple outbreaks in New York City, leading to her isolation to prevent further transmission. source: cdc.gov
22 Jun First transcontinental auto race won by Scott and Smith: On June 22, 1909, the first transcontinental automobile race in the United States concluded, with drivers George A. Scott and J. Frank Smith emerging victorious. The race highlighted the growing interest and development in automotive technology. source: history.com
23 Jun Dutch parliamentary elections held on June 23, 1909: The Netherlands conducted its general elections on June 11 and 23, 1909, to fill all 100 seats in the House of Representatives. The General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations emerged as the largest party, securing 25 seats. source: en.wikipedia.org
24 Jun Hope Diamond auctioned on June 24, 1909: On June 24, 1909, the Hope Diamond was auctioned in Paris as part of Selim Habib's collection to settle his debts. The diamond was withdrawn from the sale and later sold to jeweler C. N. Rosenau for 400,000 francs. source: naturalhistory.si.edu
25 Jun George Sargent wins U.S. Open Golf Championship on June 25, 1909: George Sargent secured victory at the 15th U.S. Open Golf Championship held at Englewood on June 25, 1909.
26 Jun 23rd US Women's Tennis Championship: The 23rd U.S. Women's National Singles Championship took place from June 21 to June 27, 1909, at the Philadelphia Cricket Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Hazel Hotchkiss won the singles title by defeating Maud Barger-Wallach 6–0, 6–1 in the challenge round. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Jun Forbes Field's Inaugural Sporting Event: Forbes Field, a baseball park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, opened on June 30, 1909. The first game was played against the Chicago Cubs, with the Pirates losing 3–2 in front of a crowd of 30,338. source: en.wikipedia.org
05 Jul Marion Wallace Dunlop introduces hunger strike in Britain: On July 5, 1909, British suffragette Marion Wallace Dunlop began her hunger strike in Holloway Prison, marking a significant act of protest for women's suffrage. source: en.wikipedia.org
08 Jul Marion Wallace Dunlop ends hunger strike: After 91 hours, Marion Wallace Dunlop ended her hunger strike on July 8, 1909, following her arrest for stenciling a passage from the Bill of Rights on a wall of the House of Commons. source: en.wikipedia.org
11 Jul Extreme heat burst in Oklahoma: In the early hours of July 11, 1909, a heat burst south of Cherokee, Oklahoma, caused temperatures to spike to 136°F (58°C), leading to the desiccation of crops in the area. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Jul Sixteenth Amendment approved for income tax: On July 12, 1909, the U.S. Congress approved the Sixteenth Amendment, granting Congress the authority to levy income taxes without apportionment among states. source: visitthecapitol.gov
15 Jul Ty Cobb's remarkable baseball performance: On July 15, 1909, Ty Cobb hit two inside-the-park home runs, leading the Detroit Tigers to a doubleheader sweep against the Washington Senators, with scores of 9–5 and 7–0. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 Jul Persian Constitutional Revolution: Shah deposed: On July 16, 1909, during the Persian Constitutional Revolution, the Shah was deposed, leading to significant political changes in Iran. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 Jul Glenn Curtiss sets aviation distance record: On July 17, 1909, Glenn Curtiss set an aviation distance record, contributing to the advancement of early aviation. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 Jul Georges Clemenceau resigns as Prime Minister of France: On July 20, 1909, Georges Clemenceau resigned as Prime Minister of France following a defeat in the Chamber of Deputies over a motion concerning the state of the navy. His proposal was rejected after a contentious exchange with Théophile Delcassé, leading to his immediate resignation. He was succeeded by Aristide Briand, who formed a new cabinet. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Jul Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar flees to Russian Embassy during Persian Constitutional Revolution: On July 21, 1909, during the Persian Constitutional Revolution, Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar sought refuge in the Russian Embassy in Tehran after constitutionalist forces captured the city. The Shah had been deposed by the constitutionalists, leading to the establishment of his son, Ahmad Shah, as the new monarch. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Jul Paraguay establishes compulsory education law: On July 22, 1909, Paraguay enacted a law making education compulsory for children, aiming to improve literacy rates and educational standards across the country.
23 Jul First British-manufactured aeroplane flight: On July 23, 1909, the first aeroplane manufactured in Britain made its inaugural flight. This event marked a significant milestone in the UK's aviation history.
24 Jul Nap Rucker's remarkable pitching performance: On July 24, 1909, pitcher Nap Rucker of the Brooklyn Superbas (now the Los Angeles Dodgers) achieved a remarkable performance, contributing to his team's success in the game.
25 Jul First Airplane Cross-Channel Flight: On July 25, 1909, French aviator Louis Blériot became the first person to fly an airplane across the English Channel. Departing from Les Baraques near Calais, France, he landed in Dover, England, 37 minutes later, piloting his Blériot XI monoplane. This historic flight earned him a £1,000 prize from the British newspaper Daily Mail and marked a significant milestone in aviation history. source: en.wikipedia.org
26 Jul SS Waratah Departs Durban - Ill-Fated Voyage: On July 26, 1909, the SS Waratah, a 16,000-ton passenger and cargo ship, departed Durban, South Africa, bound for Cape Town. The vessel, carrying 211 passengers and crew, was last sighted on July 27, 1909, by the steamer Clan MacIntyre. Despite extensive searches, the SS Waratah disappeared without a trace, and its fate remains one of maritime history's enduring mysteries. source: mastermariners.org.au
27 Jul First US Army Airplane Flight by Wright Brothers: On July 27, 1909, Orville Wright conducted the first military airplane flight for the United States Army at Fort Myer, Virginia. Accompanied by Lieutenant Benjamin Foulois, Wright flew the Wright Military Flyer, achieving an average speed of 42.58 miles per hour over a measured round-trip course. This successful demonstration led to the U.S. Army's purchase of the aircraft for $30,000. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 Jul Ford Motor Company Expands Beyond Michigan: On July 28, 1909, the Ford Motor Company announced its expansion beyond Michigan, marking a significant milestone in the company's growth and its impact on the automotive industry. source: livingwarbirds.com
30 Jul US Army's First Military Aircraft Acquisition: On July 30, 1909, the United States Army purchased its first military aircraft, the Wright Military Flyer, for $30,000, following a successful demonstration by Orville Wright. source: en.wikipedia.org
31 Jul Establishment of Mukuntuweap National Monument: On July 31, 1909, President William Howard Taft designated approximately 15,840 acres in Little Zion Canyon as Mukuntuweap National Monument, recognizing its geological significance and natural beauty. This area later became Zion National Park. source: nps.gov
05 Aug Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act signed into law: The Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act was signed into law by President William Howard Taft on August 5, 1909. This legislation aimed to revise the existing tariff rates, resulting in a modest reduction of approximately 5% on most goods, while increasing rates on certain items like iron ore and coal. The act also introduced a corporate tax and established a commission to study future tariff modifications. source: britannica.com
10 Aug Birth of Mohammed V of Morocco: Mohammed V, born Sidi Mohammed ben Yusef, was born on August 10, 1909, in Fès, Morocco. He became Sultan in 1927 and later King in 1957, playing a pivotal role in Morocco's independence from French colonial rule. source: britannica.com
14 Aug Death of William Stanley, British Engineer and Inventor: William Ford Robinson Stanley, an English inventor known for his precision instruments and surveying tools, died on August 14, 1909, at his residence in South Norwood, Surrey, United Kingdom. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 Aug Goudi Coup in Greece: On August 15, 1909, a military coup d'état, known as the Goudi coup, occurred in Greece, leading to significant political changes. source: britannica.com
19 Aug First race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway: On August 19, 1909, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway hosted its inaugural automobile race, a five-mile event won by Louis Schwitzer. The track's surface, composed of crushed rock and tar, proved hazardous, leading to multiple accidents and fatalities. This prompted the owners to repave the track with bricks, earning it the nickname "The Brickyard." source: history.com
23 Aug Bill Bergen's record for throwing out six base stealers: On August 23, 1909, Brooklyn Dodgers catcher Bill Bergen set a major league record by throwing out six St. Louis Cardinals attempting to steal bases in a single game. source: sabr.org
24 Aug Construction of Gatun Locks begins: On August 24, 1909, the first concrete was poured at Gatun, marking the commencement of the Panama Canal's lock construction. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Aug First U.S. military airfield established at College Park: On August 25, 1909, the U.S. Army selected a 160-acre site in College Park, Maryland, for the world's first military airfield, initiating training for Army pilots. source: en.wikipedia.org
26 Aug Birth of the Youth Hostel Movement: On August 26, 1909, the first youth hostel was established in Germany, marking the beginning of the Youth Hostel Movement. source: en.wikipedia.org
27 Aug Greek Military Coup of 1909: On August 27, 1909, a military coup in Greece led by the 'Military League' resulted in the resignation of Prime Minister Georgios Theotokis. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 Aug Freud and Jung's American Journey: Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, along with Sándor Ferenczi, arrived in New York City on August 28, 1909, to attend Clark University's 20th anniversary conference. They stayed at the Hotel Manhattan from August 29 through September 4, where Freud delivered five lectures titled 'The Origin and Development of Psychoanalysis,' marking the formal introduction of his theories to the United States. source: commons.clarku.edu
29 Aug World's First International Air Race in Rheims: On August 29, 1909, Glenn Curtiss won the world's first international airplane race at Rheims, France, securing a $5,000 prize. Curtiss demonstrated that sharp turns could be banked, showcasing advanced flying techniques. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Aug Burgess Shale Fossil Discovery: In August 1909, Charles Doolittle Walcott discovered the Burgess Shale fossils in the Canadian Rockies, revealing a diverse array of Cambrian-era life forms. This discovery provided significant insights into early animal evolution. source: en.wikipedia.org
31 Aug First Successful Syphilis Treatment Discovered: In August 1909, the first effective treatment for syphilis was discovered, marking a significant advancement in medical science. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Sep First International Opium Commission convenes in Shanghai: On February 1, 1909, the International Opium Commission convened in Shanghai, China, marking a significant step toward international drug prohibition. Representatives from 13 countries, including the United States, China, and Great Britain, participated in the conference. The commission issued nine unanimous declarations addressing the global opium trade, laying the groundwork for future international drug control efforts. source: cambridge.org
02 Sep King Edward VII signs the South Africa Act: On September 2, 1909, King Edward VII signed the South Africa Act, which united the British colonies of the Cape Colony and Natal with the Boer republics of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal into the Union of South Africa. This act laid the foundation for the establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910, a self-governing dominion within the British Empire. source: baguio.weebly.com
03 Sep Ferry boat collision in Sheepshead Bay, New York: On September 3, 1909, a ferry boat collision occurred in Sheepshead Bay, New York, resulting in significant loss of life. The incident highlighted the need for improved safety measures in maritime transportation. source: baguio.weebly.com
04 Sep Japan-China Jiandao/Gando Treaty signed: On September 4, 1909, Japan and China signed the Jiandao (Gando) Treaty, which addressed territorial disputes in the Jiandao region. The treaty aimed to resolve conflicts over the region's sovereignty and establish clearer borders between the two nations. source: baguio.weebly.com
05 Sep Tsar Nicholas II's visit to Sevastopol with potential assassination attempt: On September 5, 1909, Tsar Nicholas II visited Sevastopol, a port city in Crimea. During this visit, there were reports of a potential assassination attempt, highlighting the political tensions and unrest during that period. source: baguio.weebly.com
06 Sep Robert Peary telegraphs North Pole discovery: On September 6, 1909, explorer Robert Peary sent a telegram from Indian Harbor, Labrador, to the New York Times, announcing his arrival at the North Pole on April 6, 1909. This message was received in New York at 12:39 p.m. through the Postal Telegraph Company. Peary's wire read, "I have the pole, April sixth. Expect arrive Chateau Bay September seventh. Secure control wire for me there and arrange expedite transmission big story. PEARY." source: brooklyneagle.com
07 Sep First airplane pilot fatality: On September 7, 1909, Eugene Lefebvre became the first airplane pilot to be killed in a plane crash. He was flying at Port-Aviation (often called "Juvisy Airfield") at Viry-Châtillon in France when his plane suddenly tilted downward and struck the ground with great violence. source: en.wikipedia.org
08 Sep First airplane pilot fatality: On September 8, 1909, Eugene Lefebvre became the first airplane pilot to be killed in a plane crash. He was flying at Port-Aviation (often called "Juvisy Airfield") at Viry-Châtillon in France when his plane suddenly tilted downward and struck the ground with great violence. source: en.wikipedia.org
09 Sep Establishment of the National Library of China: On September 9, 1909, the National Library of China was established, serving as the national library of the People's Republic of China. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 Sep Grand Isle Hurricane of 1909: A Category 3 hurricane struck the Gulf Coast, causing severe damage and over 400 fatalities in Cuba and the United States. source: en.wikipedia.org
27 Sep Wabash River earthquake: On September 27, 1909, a 5.1 magnitude earthquake struck the Wabash River Valley in Indiana, marking the strongest recorded in the state. The tremor caused moderate damage, including toppled chimneys and cracked plaster, and was felt over an area of 30,000 square miles. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 Sep Birth of Al Capp, renowned cartoonist: On September 28, 1909, cartoonist Al Capp, creator of the comic strip "Li'l Abner," was born in New Haven, Connecticut. Capp's work gained popularity for its satirical humor and social commentary. source: en.wikipedia.org
29 Sep Wilbur Wright's historic flight around the Statue of Liberty: On September 29, 1909, Wilbur Wright piloted a Wright Model A Flyer around the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor, marking the first time an airplane flew over the city. This event demonstrated the potential of aviation for public transportation. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Sep Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar exiled from Persia: On September 30, 1909, Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, the last ruling monarch of the Qajar dynasty in Persia, was deposed and exiled following the Persian Constitutional Revolution. His abdication marked the end of absolute monarchy in Persia. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Oct Orville Wright achieves remarkable altitude record: On October 1, 1909, Orville Wright set a new altitude record by flying to 9,200 feet in a Wright Model A Flyer in Berlin, Germany. This achievement demonstrated the growing capabilities of powered flight. source: en.wikipedia.org
03 Oct Orville Wright sets altitude record and flies royalty: On October 3, 1909, Orville Wright piloted a Wright Model A Flyer to an altitude of 9,200 feet in Berlin, Germany, and flew German Crown Prince Wilhelm, marking a significant milestone in aviation history. source: en.wikipedia.org
09 Oct Ty Cobb steals home in World Series Game 2: In Game 2 of the 1909 World Series, Ty Cobb stole home, igniting a three-run rally that led the Detroit Tigers to a 7–2 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates. source: en.wikipedia.org
10 Oct William James Sidis enters Harvard at age 11: William James Sidis, a child prodigy, enrolled at Harvard University at age 11, becoming the youngest person to do so at that time. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 Oct William Howard Taft elected president: William Howard Taft was elected as the 27th President of the United States on November 3, 1908, defeating Democratic nominee William Jennings Bryan. He was inaugurated on March 4, 1909. source: britannica.com
19 Oct Nannie Helen Burroughs establishes groundbreaking educational institution: On October 19, 1909, Nannie Helen Burroughs founded the National Training School for Women and Girls in Washington, D.C. This institution was the first to provide vocational training for African-American females, offering courses in domestic arts and various vocations, along with religious instruction. source: washingtonpost.com
26 Oct Assassination of Itō Hirobumi in Harbin: On October 26, 1909, Itō Hirobumi, a prominent Japanese statesman and Resident-General of Korea, was assassinated at Harbin Railway Station in Manchuria by An Jung-geun, a Korean nationalist. An fired multiple shots at Itō, who succumbed to his injuries shortly after. This event significantly impacted Japanese-Korean relations and is considered a catalyst for Japan's annexation of Korea in 1910. source: britannica.com
27 Oct Emperor Menelik II's Debilitating Stroke: On October 27, 1909, Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia suffered a massive stroke, rendering him incapacitated and unable to reign. His wife, Empress Taytu, assumed de facto control until Ras Bitwaddad Tesemma was appointed regent. Menelik II passed away on December 12, 1913. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Oct RMS Mauretania Breaks Transatlantic Speed Record: On October 30, 1909, the RMS Mauretania, a British ocean liner, set a new transatlantic speed record, further solidifying its reputation as one of the fastest ships of its time.
03 Nov Incorporation of Limon, Colorado: On November 3, 1909, the city of Limon, Colorado, was incorporated. Limon, located in Lincoln County, is known as the "Hub City" of eastern Colorado due to its strategic position at the intersection of several major highways. source: en.wikipedia.org
04 Nov British Finance Bill passes House of Commons: On November 4, 1909, the British Finance Bill, which governed the budget for British reforms, was passed by the House of Commons with a wide margin of 379–149. The bill then proceeded to the House of Lords, where its passage was less certain. source: en.wikipedia.org
06 Nov Notre Dame defeats Michigan in historic football match: On November 6, 1909, the University of Notre Dame football team defeated the University of Michigan in a historic match. This victory was significant in establishing Notre Dame's reputation in college football. source: en.wikipedia.org
10 Nov Death of Renée Vivien, pioneering lesbian poet: Renée Vivien, a French poet known for her works on lesbian themes, died on November 10, 1909. She was a significant figure in early 20th-century literature, contributing to the visibility of lesbian voices in poetry. source: britannica.com
16 Nov AT&T Acquires Significant Stake in Western Union: In 1909, AT&T acquired a 30% stake in Western Union, gaining control of the company. source: businessabc.net
19 Nov Judd Elliott receives sentence commutation: Judd Elliott, convicted of murder in Georgia, was granted a commutation by Governor Joseph M. Brown just before his scheduled execution, after being persuaded that Elliott was insane. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 Nov Standard Oil antitrust dissolution: The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri ordered the dissolution of Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, ruling it violated the Sherman Antitrust Act by restraining trade. source: justice.gov
26 Nov Founding of Sigma Alpha Mu Fraternity: On November 26, 1909, eight sophomores from the College of the City of New York founded Sigma Alpha Mu Fraternity. The founders were Lester Cole, Hyman I. Jacobson, Adolph I. Fabis, Samuel Gaines, Abram N. Kerner, Jacob Kaplan, Ira N. Lind, and David D. Levinson. source: sigmatau.sam.org
27 Nov The Hague Convention of 1907 Ratification: The Hague Convention of 1907, which established laws and customs of war, was ratified on November 27, 1909. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 Nov Rachmaninoff Premieres Iconic Piano Concerto in New York: On November 28, 1909, Sergei Rachmaninoff premiered his Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor, Op. 18, in New York City. source: en.wikipedia.org
29 Nov First Austrian Aircraft Takes Flight: On November 29, 1909, the first Austrian aircraft, the Lohner Type L, made its maiden flight. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Nov British House of Lords Rejects Budget, Sparking Constitutional Crisis: On November 30, 1909, the British House of Lords rejected the People's Budget, leading to a constitutional crisis in the United Kingdom. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Dec First Israeli Kibbutz Founded: On December 1, 1909, the first Israeli kibbutz, Degania Alef, was founded in Palestine. source: en.wikipedia.org
02 Dec Formation of the Union of South Africa: The South Africa Act, passed by the British Parliament on December 2, 1909, unified the British colonies of the Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange River into the Union of South Africa, effective May 31, 1910. source: britannica.com
04 Dec Founding of the Montreal Canadiens: The Montreal Canadiens, a professional ice hockey team, were founded on December 4, 1909, in Montreal, Quebec. source: Wikipedia (day-month pages)
07 Dec Invention of Bakelite: First Synthetic Plastic Patent: Leo Baekeland was granted U.S. patent No. 942,700 for Bakelite, the first synthetic plastic, on December 7, 1909. Bakelite revolutionized the materials industry and is considered a milestone in the development of synthetic polymers. source: en.wikipedia.org
09 Dec Birth of Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.: Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., an American actor and producer, was born on December 9, 1909. He was known for his roles in films such as 'Little Caesar' and 'Gunga Din'. source: en.wikipedia.org
10 Dec First female Nobel Prize in Literature awarded to Selma Lagerlöf: On December 10, 1909, Swedish author Selma Lagerlöf became the first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, recognized for her "lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings." source: nobelprize.org
15 Dec U.S. intervention in Nicaragua: On December 15, 1909, the United States intervened in Nicaragua following the execution of two American citizens by Nicaraguan President José Santos Zelaya. The U.S. sent warships to protect American interests and citizens, leading to Zelaya's resignation on December 14, 1909. source: historycentral.com
16 Dec U.S. diplomatic pressure ousts Nicaraguan president: On December 16, 1909, under diplomatic pressure from the United States, Nicaraguan President José Santos Zelaya resigned and fled the country. His successor, José Madriz, was appointed by the Nicaraguan Congress on December 21, 1909. source: en.wikipedia.org
19 Dec Founding of Borussia Dortmund Football Club: On December 19, 1909, Borussia Dortmund was founded by 18 young men in Dortmund, Germany. They chose the name 'Borussia' after a local brewery, and the club's colors were initially blue and white striped shirts with a red sash and black shorts. source: bvb.de
24 Dec Federal Court Ruling on Armenian Racial Classification: On December 24, 1909, the federal court in Boston ruled in the case In re Halladjian (174 F. 834) that Armenians were classified as White, making them eligible for naturalization. This decision overturned previous denials based on racial grounds. source: teachinglegalhistory.unl.edu
25 Dec 13th Dalai Lama Returns to Lhasa: After an absence of more than a year, the 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso, returned to Lhasa on December 25, 1909. He had fled to Beijing in 1908 to meet with the Manchu Emperor but refused to kowtow to him, leading to his escape from Beijing in early 1909. source: en.wikipedia.org
27 Dec Death of Senator Anselm J. McLaurin and Senatorial Succession in Mississippi: On December 27, 1909, Senator Anselm J. McLaurin of Mississippi passed away. His death led to the appointment of a successor to fill his seat in the U.S. Senate.
31 Dec Manhattan Bridge Opens to Traffic: On December 31, 1909, the Manhattan Bridge in New York City opened to vehicular traffic, providing a new route between Manhattan and Brooklyn.

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