Major Events of 1911: Key Historical Moments You Need to Know

Every year brings its own set of pivotal moments that leave a lasting mark on history. From political shifts and technological advancements to cultural breakthroughs, these events shape the world and influence the future. In this comprehensive overview, we'll explore the most significant occurrences from 1911, highlighting key moments that continue to impact our lives today.

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Major Events of 1911 - Historical Moments That Defined the Year | TakeMeBack.to

01 Jan First Monte Carlo Rally: The inaugural Monte Carlo Rally took place in January 1911, organized by Prince Albert I of Monaco to showcase automotive advancements and promote Monaco as a tourist destination. source: en.wikipedia.org
05 Jan Founding of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity: Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. was founded on January 5, 1911, at Indiana University Bloomington by ten African-American college students. The fraternity's mission is to unite college men of culture, patriotism, and honor in a bond of fraternity, emphasizing achievement in every field of human endeavor. source: in.gov
10 Jan Record-breaking temperature drop in Rapid City: On January 10, 1911, Rapid City, South Dakota, experienced a rapid temperature drop of 47°F in just 15 minutes, from 55°F at 7:00 AM to 8°F at 7:15 AM. This event is among the most significant temperature changes recorded in the United States. source: weather.gov
11 Jan US-Honduras Treaty signed: On January 11, 1911, the United States signed a treaty with Honduras, guaranteeing a loan to the Central American nation without assuming a protectorate over it. This agreement aimed to provide financial assistance to Honduras while maintaining its sovereignty. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 Jan Falastin newspaper founded: The Arabic-language newspaper Falastin was established in Jaffa, Palestine, by Issa El-Issa and his cousin Yousef El-Issa. It became one of the most influential dailies in Ottoman and Mandatory Palestine, focusing on Arab nationalism and opposition to Zionism. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 Jan Millersburg, Iowa incorporated: Millersburg, Iowa, was incorporated on January 16, 1911. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 Jan Deadly mine fire in Sosnowiec, Russian Poland: On January 20, 1911, a coal mine fire in Sosnowiec, Russian Poland, resulted in the deaths of 40 miners. This incident is documented as a mining disaster in the region. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Jan First Monte Carlo Rally launches prestigious motorsport event: The inaugural Monte Carlo Rally took place on January 21, 1911, marking the beginning of a prestigious motorsport event that continues to this day. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Jan Philip Orin Parmelee sets airplane flight endurance record: On January 22, 1911, American aviator Philip Orin Parmelee set a new endurance record by flying for 4 hours and 31 minutes in a Wright Model B aircraft. source: en.wikipedia.org
23 Jan Murder of David Graham Phillips: On January 23, 1911, American novelist and journalist David Graham Phillips was assassinated in New York City by a disgruntled reader. source: en.wikipedia.org
24 Jan Execution of Kotoku Shusui and anarchist conspirators: On January 24, 1911, Japanese anarchist Kotoku Shusui and his associates were executed for their involvement in a plot to assassinate Emperor Taishō. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Jan Mercenary invasion of Honduras: On January 25, 1911, a group of mercenaries led by Luis Felipe de la Fuente invaded Honduras, aiming to overthrow the government and establish a new regime. source: en.wikipedia.org
26 Jan Glenn Curtiss performs first successful hydroplane flight: Aviator Glenn Curtiss made the first sustained seaplane flight, taking off from San Diego Bay in his D-Hydro-Aeroplane and landing on the Pacific Ocean off San Diego. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Jan Taal Volcano catastrophic eruption: The Taal Volcano in the Philippines erupted on January 30, 1911, resulting in significant destruction and loss of life. This eruption was one of the most violent in the volcano's history, leading to widespread ashfall and pyroclastic flows. source: britannica.com
31 Jan Panama Canal opening celebration site selection: On January 31, 1911, discussions were held regarding the selection of the site for the celebration of the Panama Canal's opening. This event was significant as it marked a major engineering achievement and a pivotal moment in global trade. source: britannica.com
01 Feb Launch of HMS Thunderer: The HMS Thunderer was launched on February 1, 1911, as part of the Royal Navy's efforts to modernize its fleet. This battleship was notable for its advanced design and capabilities at the time. source: britannica.com
02 Feb Antarctic explorers' dramatic encounter at Bay of Whales: On February 2, 1911, explorers in Antarctica had a dramatic encounter at the Bay of Whales, which was significant for their research and exploration efforts. This event underscored the challenges faced by early Antarctic expeditions. source: britannica.com
03 Feb Bjorko Sound ice fishermen disaster: On February 3, 1911, a tragic disaster struck ice fishermen at Bjorko Sound, resulting in multiple fatalities. This incident highlighted the dangers faced by fishermen in harsh winter conditions. source: britannica.com
04 Feb Death of Petrus A Cronjé, Boer General: Pieter Arnoldus Cronjé, a prominent Boer general during the South African War, died on February 4, 1911, in Potchefstroom, Transvaal, South Africa, at the age of 74. source: britannica.com
08 Feb US intervention in Honduras: On February 8, 1911, the United States played a role in overthrowing President Miguel Dávila of Honduras, demonstrating the era's complex geopolitical interventions in Latin America. source: takemeback.to
09 Feb Crumpacker Bill passes House of Representatives: On February 9, 1911, the Crumpacker Bill, a significant piece of legislation, passed the House of Representatives. source: en.wikipedia.org
13 Feb Founding of HNK Hajduk Split: HNK Hajduk Split, a prominent Croatian football club, was founded on February 13, 1911. The club has a rich history and is known for its passionate fan base and significant contributions to Croatian football. source: hajduk.hr
14 Feb First Official Flight of US Navy's First Airplane: On February 14, 1911, the U.S. Navy conducted the first official flight of its first airplane, the Curtiss A-1 Triad. This event marked a significant milestone in naval aviation history. source: history.navy.mil
15 Feb Jess Willard's Professional Boxing Debut: Jess Willard, an American heavyweight boxer, made his professional boxing debut on February 15, 1911. He would later become the heavyweight champion, known for his size and strength. source: boxinghistory.org
16 Feb U.S. Resolution to Annex Canada Proposed: On February 16, 1911, a resolution was proposed in the U.S. Congress to annex Canada. This proposal reflected the political climate and expansionist sentiments of the time. source: thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
17 Feb First Amphibian Flight to and from a Ship: On February 17, 1911, the first amphibian flight to and from a ship was successfully conducted. This event marked a significant advancement in aviation and maritime technology. source: history.com
18 Feb First Official Airmail Flight in British India: The first official airmail flight in British India took place on February 18, 1911. This event was a milestone in the history of aviation and postal services in the region. source: indiapost.gov.in
21 Feb Gustav Mahler's Final Concert Performance: On February 21, 1911, Gustav Mahler conducted his final concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City. Despite suffering from a high fever, Mahler led the New York Philharmonic in a program featuring Italian music, including the world premiere of Ferruccio Busoni's "Berceuse élégiaque." source: mahlerfoundation.org
25 Feb Premiere of Victor Herbert's opera 'Natoma' in Philadelphia: Victor Herbert's grand opera 'Natoma' premiered at the Metropolitan Opera House in Philadelphia on February 25, 1911. The opera, set in 1820s California, features a love triangle involving a Native American woman and a naval officer. The cast included soprano Mary Garden in the title role and tenor John McCormack in his American operatic debut. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Mar Manuel Enrique Araujo Becomes President of El Salvador: On March 1, 1911, Manuel Enrique Araujo was inaugurated as the 49th President of El Salvador, succeeding Fernando Figueroa. Araujo, a physician and politician, served as vice president from 1907 to 1911 before assuming the presidency. source: en.wikipedia.org
02 Mar British Veto Bill Second Reading Passes: On March 2, 1911, the British Parliament debated the Parliament Bill, which aimed to limit the House of Lords' power to veto legislation. The debate continued over several days, with the second reading being a significant step toward the bill's passage. source: parliament.uk
03 Mar First Congressional Funding for US Military Aviation: On March 3, 1911, the U.S. Congress allocated funds for the establishment of military aviation, marking the first federal investment in military aviation in the United States. source: archives.gov
04 Mar First Socialist Congressman Elected in the United States: On March 4, 1911, Victor L. Berger was elected as the first Socialist member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Wisconsin's 5th congressional district. source: en.wikipedia.org
05 Mar Deadly Movie Theater Stampede in Bologoye, Russia: On March 5, 1911, a deadly stampede occurred in a movie theater in Bologoye, Russia, resulting in numerous fatalities and injuries. source: russianreporting.com
06 Mar Samuel J. Battle becomes first African-American NYPD officer: Samuel J. Battle was sworn in as the first African-American officer of the New York City Police Department on March 6, 1911. Born on January 16, 1883, in New Bern, North Carolina, Battle faced significant discrimination but rose through the ranks to become the first Black sergeant in 1926, lieutenant in 1935, and parole commissioner in 1941. source: en.wikipedia.org
10 Mar First Blue Sky Law in the United States: On March 10, 1911, Kansas enacted the first blue sky law, a state regulation designed to protect investors from fraudulent securities by requiring registration of securities and their salesmen. This law served as a model for similar statutes in other states. source: britannica.com
16 Mar Ottawa Senators win Stanley Cup challenge game: On March 16, 1911, the Ottawa Senators defeated the Port Arthur Bearcats 13–4 in a Stanley Cup challenge game. Marty Walsh scored ten goals in the match. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 Mar National Squash Tennis Association Formed: The National Squash Tennis Association was founded in 1911, organized by banker John W. Prentiss of the Harvard Club of New York. This organization formalized the rules, equipment, and court dimensions for the sport of squash tennis, which had gained popularity in New York City and other cities such as Detroit, Buffalo, Chicago, Boston, and Philadelphia. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Mar Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire: The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire occurred on March 25, 1911, in New York City, resulting in the deaths of 146 garment workers. The tragedy highlighted the poor working conditions and led to significant reforms in labor laws and workplace safety regulations in the United States. source: nytimes.com
26 Mar Establishment of United States Postal Savings System: The United States Postal Savings System was inaugurated, allowing individuals to deposit funds at post offices. This system aimed to provide a safe and accessible means for the public to save money, especially in rural areas. source: britannica.com
28 Mar Marie Curie Receives Second Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Marie Curie was awarded her second Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her discovery of the elements radium and polonium, making her the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields. source: nobelprize.org
29 Mar M1911 Handgun Adopted by US Army: The M1911 semi-automatic pistol was adopted by the United States Army as its standard-issue sidearm, a role it served for over seven decades. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Mar Lötschberg Tunnel Completed in Switzerland: The Lötschberg Tunnel, a major railway tunnel in Switzerland, was completed, significantly improving transportation between the Swiss Plateau and the Valais region. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Apr Imperial Edict for Young Emperor Puyi: On April 1, 1911, an imperial edict was issued for the young Emperor Puyi of China, marking a significant moment in the Qing Dynasty's history. This edict was part of the broader political changes occurring in China during this period, leading to the eventual fall of the imperial system. source: britannica.com
02 Apr Founding of Tsinghua University: Tsinghua University was officially founded on April 2, 1911, in Beijing, China. It has grown to be one of the most prestigious institutions in China, known for its engineering and technology programs. source: britannica.com
03 Apr Premiere of 'Mrs. Bumsted-Leigh': The play 'Mrs. Bumsted-Leigh' premiered on April 3, 1911, showcasing the theatrical trends of the time. It contributed to the cultural landscape of early 20th-century American theater. source: britannica.com
04 Apr Origin of Baseball's MVP Award Concept: The concept of the Most Valuable Player (MVP) award in baseball originated around April 4, 1911. This idea has since evolved into a prestigious recognition in the sport, celebrating outstanding individual performances. source: britannica.com
07 Apr Siege of Ciudad Juárez during Mexican Revolution: The Siege of Ciudad Juárez began on April 7, 1911, as rebel forces led by Francisco Madero, Pancho Villa, and Pascual Orozco attacked federal troops in the city. The siege lasted until May 10, 1911, culminating in a victory for the rebels and leading to the resignation of President Porfirio Díaz. source: britannica.com
09 Apr Devastating fire in Tokyo's Yoshiwara district: On April 9, 1911, a catastrophic fire erupted in Tokyo's Yoshiwara district, a renowned red-light area. The blaze began around 11 a.m. and rapidly consumed a vast area, destroying thousands of houses and brothels. The fire resulted in significant property damage and left many residents homeless. source: japantimes.co.jp
10 Apr Steamer Iroquois disaster in British Columbia: On April 10, 1911, the Canadian Pacific Railway's steamer Iroquois sank in the Fraser River near Vancouver, British Columbia. The disaster resulted in the loss of several lives and was a significant maritime tragedy in the region. source: firehouse.com
13 Apr Direct Election of U.S. Senators Constitutional Amendment Passed: On April 13, 1911, the U.S. Senate approved a resolution proposing the Seventeenth Amendment, which mandated the direct election of senators by the people. This amendment aimed to reduce corruption and increase democratic representation. It was ratified by the states on April 8, 1913. source: archives.gov
19 Apr George Bernard Shaw's 'Fanny's First Play' premieres: George Bernard Shaw's play 'Fanny's First Play' premiered at the Little Theatre in the Adelphi, London, on April 19, 1911. The play ran for 622 performances, making it Shaw's longest-running play. source: britannica.com
29 Apr Founding of Tsinghua University: Tsinghua University was established in Beijing on April 29, 1911, as a preparatory school for Chinese students to study in the United States, funded by the Boxer Indemnity. source: tsinghua.edu.cn
05 May Progressive Suffrage Bill Advances in UK Parliament: On May 5, 1911, the Conciliation Bill, aiming to grant limited voting rights to women, passed its second reading in the UK House of Commons with a majority of 167 votes. This bill sought to enfranchise women-householders, widows, and spinsters, potentially adding about a million women to the parliamentary register. source: en.wikisource.org
06 May First International Hygiene Exhibition in Dresden: The International Hygiene Exhibition opened in Dresden, Germany, on May 6, 1911. Organized by Karl August Lingner, the exhibition focused on medicine and public health, attracting over five million visitors from 30 countries. It featured 100 buildings and emphasized accessible visual representations of the human body. source: en.wikipedia.org
07 May Germany Warns France Over Moroccan Territorial Intentions: On May 7, 1911, Germany issued a warning to France regarding its territorial ambitions in Morocco, leading to increased diplomatic tensions between the two nations. source: en.wikipedia.org
08 May Pancho Villa's Attack on Ciudad Juarez: On May 8, 1911, Pancho Villa led a significant attack on Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, during the Mexican Revolution, contributing to the eventual resignation of President Díaz. source: en.wikipedia.org
09 May Germany-France Diplomatic Tension over Morocco: On May 9, 1911, diplomatic tensions between Germany and France escalated over Morocco, following Germany's earlier warning to France regarding its territorial ambitions. source: en.wikipedia.org
10 May Bel Kaufman born in Berlin: Bel Kaufman, the renowned author and educator, was born in Berlin on May 10, 1911. She later emigrated to the United States, where she became famous for her novel 'Up the Down Staircase,' which offers a humorous and poignant look at life in a New York City high school. source: nytimes.com
11 May 37th Kentucky Derby Held: The 37th Kentucky Derby took place on May 11, 1911, at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky.
13 May 37th Kentucky Derby Won by Meridian: Meridian won the 37th Kentucky Derby on May 13, 1911, at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky.
14 May Hans Vogt - German Composer: Hans Vogt, a German composer and conductor, was born on May 14, 1911, in Danzig. He studied at the Akademie der Künste in Berlin and had a significant career in music, including teaching composition at the Musikhochschule in Mannheim-Heidelberg. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 May National Insurance Act 1911 passed in UK Parliament: The National Insurance Act 1911, introduced by Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George, was passed by the UK Parliament on May 15, 1911. This landmark legislation established a system of national insurance against illness and unemployment. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 May Birth of Maureen O'Sullivan: Maureen O'Sullivan, an Irish-American actress best known for portraying Jane in the Tarzan film series, was born in Boyle, County Roscommon, Ireland. source: en.wikipedia.org
18 May Death of Gustav Mahler, Renowned Austrian Composer: Gustav Mahler, a prominent Austrian composer and conductor, passed away on May 18, 1911. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 May Treaty of Ciudad Juárez ends initial phase of Mexican Revolution: The Treaty of Ciudad Juárez marked the end of the initial phase of the Mexican Revolution, concluding hostilities between the government of Porfirio Díaz and revolutionary forces. This treaty set the stage for further political changes in Mexico. source: britannica.com
23 May New York Public Library dedication ceremony: The New York Public Library was officially dedicated on May 23, 1911, marking a significant cultural milestone in New York City. The library has since become a vital resource for education and research. source: britannica.com
24 May Early life of Ne Win in Burma: Ne Win, a significant figure in Burmese history, was born in 1911 and later became the leader of Burma. His early life and experiences shaped his future political career and the direction of the country. source: britannica.com
25 May End of José Porfirio Díaz's Presidential Term in Mexico: Porfirio Díaz resigned as President of Mexico on May 25, 1911, following the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez, marking the end of his 31-year rule. source: en.wikipedia.org
26 May First Indianapolis 500 auto race: The inaugural Indianapolis 500 auto race took place on May 26, 1911, becoming one of the most prestigious events in motorsport history. This race has since evolved into a significant annual tradition in the United States. source: britannica.com
27 May Hubert Humphrey born in Wallace, South Dakota: Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr., future 38th Vice President of the United States, was born in Wallace, South Dakota, on May 27, 1911. source: senate.gov
28 May Birth of South African cricketer Bob Crisp: Robert James Crisp, a South African cricketer who played nine Test matches between 1935 and 1936, was born in Calcutta, British India, on May 28, 1911. source: en.wikipedia.org
29 May American Tobacco Company Antitrust Dissolution: On May 29, 1911, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the American Tobacco Company, a landmark antitrust decision in the United States. source: justice.gov
31 May Deadly lightning at Epsom Derby: On May 31, 1911, a sudden thunderstorm struck Epsom Downs after the Derby race, causing panic and resulting in the deaths of 17 people and four horses. The storm brought heavy rain, hailstones, and frequent lightning, leading to numerous fatalities among racegoers and animals. source: irishtimes.com
01 Jun U.S. Senate reopens investigation into Senator William Lorimer: On June 1, 1911, the U.S. Senate initiated a second investigation into Illinois Senator William Lorimer's election, following allegations of bribery. The initial investigation had cleared Lorimer, but new evidence prompted further scrutiny. source: wbez.org
05 Jun Ottoman Sultan Mehmed V embarks on Balkan tour: On June 5, 1911, Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire began an imperial tour of the Balkans, visiting regions including Kosovo and Macedonia to strengthen ties and address local issues. source: en.wikipedia.org
06 Jun Edward Harrigan dies: Edward Harrigan, an American playwright, actor, and songwriter known for his contributions to musical theater, died on June 6, 1911. He was a prominent figure in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. source: en.wikipedia.org
10 Jun Queen Wilhelmina opens Rembrandt House Museum: On June 10, 1911, Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Hendrik were the first visitors to the newly restored Rembrandt House Museum in Amsterdam. The museum, dedicated to the life and work of Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn, had been purchased by the city in 1907 and underwent extensive restoration before its official opening. source: britannica.com
14 Jun RMS Olympic's maiden transatlantic voyage: The RMS Olympic, the largest ship in the world at the time, embarked on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City on June 14, 1911. The journey included stops at Cherbourg, France, and Queenstown (now Cobh), Ireland, before arriving in New York on June 21, 1911, with 1,313 passengers on board. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 Jun IBM's founding as Tabulating Machine Company: On June 15, 1911, the Tabulating Machine Company was founded, which later became part of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) on June 16, 1911. This company eventually evolved into IBM. source: u-s-history.com
16 Jun IBM founded as Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company: On June 16, 1911, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) was incorporated in Endicott, New York, through the merger of four companies, including the Tabulating Machine Company. source: ibm.com
20 Jun NAACP Founded in New York: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded on February 12, 1909, in New York City. This organization was established to fight for civil rights and equality for African Americans. The NAACP has played a pivotal role in advocating for social justice and has been instrumental in various landmark legal cases and civil rights movements. source: history.com
21 Jun RMS Olympic Completes Maiden Transatlantic Voyage: The RMS Olympic, a British luxury liner, completed its maiden transatlantic voyage on June 21, 1911, arriving in New York City. This voyage marked the beginning of the Olympic's service as a premier ocean liner, offering luxurious accommodations and setting new standards for transatlantic travel. source: britannica.com
22 Jun Coronation of King George V and Queen Mary: King George V and Queen Mary were crowned in a grand ceremony on June 22, 1911. Their coronation was a significant event in British history, symbolizing the continuity of the monarchy and the nation's traditions. source: royal.uk
24 Jun First American Wins US Open Golf Championship: The first American to win the U.S. Open Golf Championship was John McDermott, who achieved this feat in 1911. His victory was a significant milestone in the history of American golf, inspiring future generations of golfers in the United States. source: usga.org
27 Jun Lincoln Beachey performs historic aerial display over Niagara Falls: On June 27, 1911, aviator Lincoln Beachey conducted a remarkable flight over Niagara Falls, thrilling an estimated 150,000 spectators. Flying his Curtiss D biplane, Beachey soared through the mist of Horseshoe Falls, skimmed just 6 meters above the Niagara River, and flew under the Honeymoon Bridge, showcasing his exceptional piloting skills. source: sova.si.edu
28 Jun Nakhla meteorite falls in Egypt, first Martian meteorite observed: On June 28, 1911, the Nakhla meteorite fell in Egypt, marking the first observed fall of a Martian meteorite. Witnesses reported explosions in the upper atmosphere before the meteorite landed in about 40 pieces, totaling approximately 10 kilograms, near the village of El Nakhla El Bahariya. source: si.edu
29 Jun Russia launches first dreadnought battleship, the Imperator Nikolai I: On June 29, 1911, Russia launched its first dreadnought battleship, the Imperator Nikolai I, marking a significant advancement in the Russian Navy's capabilities. This battleship was part of Russia's efforts to modernize its fleet and assert its naval power.
01 Jul German gunboat Panther arrives in Agadir, Morocco: On July 1, 1911, the German gunboat Panther anchored in Agadir, Morocco, a move that heightened tensions between Germany and France. This event, known as the Agadir Crisis, was a significant diplomatic incident in the years leading up to World War I. source: historytoday.com
02 Jul Birth of Dorothy Horstmann, pioneering polio researcher: Dorothy Millicent Horstmann was born on July 2, 1911, in Spokane, Washington. She became a prominent epidemiologist and virologist, known for her research on the spread of poliovirus in the human bloodstream, which was instrumental in the development of the polio vaccine. source: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
03 Jul US Senate removes Senator William Lorimer: On July 3, 1911, the U.S. Senate expelled Senator William Lorimer of Illinois after a lengthy investigation revealed that he had been elected through bribery and corruption, marking a significant event in the history of U.S. political ethics. source: archives.gov
04 Jul Deadly heat wave in northeastern United States: In early July 1911, a severe heat wave struck the northeastern United States, leading to numerous fatalities and highlighting the region's vulnerability to extreme weather events. source: nytimes.com
05 Jul British Parliament Act 1911 passes in House of Lords: On July 5, 1911, the British Parliament Act 1911, which limited the powers of the House of Lords and expanded the House of Commons' authority, passed in the House of Lords, marking a significant shift in British constitutional law. source: parliament.uk
06 Jul Charles Flint acquires Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company: On July 6, 1911, Charles Flint, an American businessman, acquired the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, which later became IBM, marking a pivotal moment in the history of computing. source: ibm.com
07 Jul North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911: The North Pacific Fur Seal Convention was signed on July 7, 1911, by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, and Russia. This treaty aimed to regulate the commercial harvest of fur-bearing mammals in the Pribilof Islands of the Bering Sea, marking the first international treaty addressing wildlife preservation. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Jul Ty Cobb's remarkable triple steal: On July 12, 1911, during a game against the Philadelphia Athletics, Ty Cobb stole second, third, and home on consecutive pitches in the first inning, contributing to the Detroit Tigers' 9-0 victory. source: sabr.org
15 Jul Cascade Mine Explosion in Pennsylvania: On July 15, 1911, the Cascade Mine in Pennsylvania experienced a catastrophic explosion, resulting in the loss of numerous miners' lives. This tragedy highlighted the hazardous conditions of early 20th-century mining operations. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 Jul Deposed Shah of Persia Attempts Military Restoration: On July 17, 1911, Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, the deposed Shah of Persia, landed with a Russian army at Astarabad on the Caspian coast and marched on Tehran with a Russian Cossack force. His brother, Shu'a' al-Soltana, led an army that attacked government positions in Persian Kurdistan, capturing Kermanshah, Hamedan, and other areas on his way to join his brother outside of Tehran. source: historyguy.com
21 Jul David Lloyd George's Moroccan Aggression Speech: On July 21, 1911, British Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George delivered a speech at the Mansion House in London, addressing the Agadir Crisis. He warned Germany against further aggression in Morocco, emphasizing Britain's commitment to maintaining its position among the great powers. source: wwnorton.com
26 Jul First Universal Races Congress convenes in London: The First Universal Races Congress began on July 26, 1911, at the University of London, aiming to promote racial harmony and address inter-racial issues. The four-day event attracted over 2,100 delegates from more than 50 countries, including notable figures like W.E.B. Du Bois and Mohandas Gandhi. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Aug Omar Bradley begins military education at West Point: Omar Bradley reported to the United States Military Academy at West Point on August 1, 1911, as part of the class known as "The Class the Stars Fell On." This class produced numerous future generals, including Bradley himself. source: omarbradley.org
08 Aug US House of Representatives size standardized: On August 8, 1911, the Apportionment Act of 1911 was enacted, setting the number of members of the U.S. House of Representatives at 433, effective with the 63rd Congress on March 4, 1913. This act also provided for the addition of one seat each for Arizona and New Mexico upon their admission as states, increasing the total to 435. source: census.gov
10 Aug Parliament Act of 1911 limits House of Lords' power: On August 10, 1911, the Parliament Act of 1911 was enacted in the United Kingdom, significantly reducing the legislative power of the House of Lords and enhancing the authority of the elected House of Commons. source: en.wikipedia.org
19 Aug Llanelli Railway Strike Riots in Wales: On August 19, 1911, during the national railway strike, mass picketing in Llanelli, Wales, led to violent confrontations. Troops were deployed, resulting in the deaths of two men and widespread rioting. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Aug The Mona Lisa Theft: On August 21, 1911, the Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre Museum in Paris. The painting was recovered in 1913 after being missing for two years. source: en.wikipedia.org
23 Aug British premier Asquith holds secret meeting about British strategy in case of war with Germany: On August 23, 1911, British Prime Minister H.H. Asquith convened a secret meeting to discuss Britain's military strategy in the event of war with Germany. This meeting was part of the broader pre-World War I tensions between European powers. source: brainyhistory.com
24 Aug Manuel de Arriaga elected first President of Portugal: On August 24, 1911, Manuel de Arriaga was elected as the first President of Portugal following the 1910 revolution that established the First Portuguese Republic. He served from 1911 to 1915. source: en.wikipedia.org
29 Aug Establishment of the Royal Canadian Navy: On August 29, 1911, King George V granted permission for the Canadian Naval Forces to be known as the Royal Canadian Navy, marking a significant milestone in Canada's naval history. source: canada.ca
31 Aug Anthony Fokker's Aircraft Demonstration: On August 31, 1911, Dutch aviation pioneer Anthony Fokker performed demonstration flights in Haarlem, Netherlands, showcasing his aircraft 'de Spin' ('the Spider'). source: en.wikipedia.org
05 Sep Thomas W. Burgess swims across the English Channel: On September 5, 1911, Thomas William Burgess became the second person to successfully swim across the English Channel, completing the journey from South Foreland, England, to Cap Gris Nez, France, in 22 hours and 35 minutes. source: dover.uk.com
07 Sep First U.S. Navy Aviation Unit Established: On September 7, 1911, Lieutenant Theodore G. Ellyson, the first U.S. Navy aviator, conducted a test flight in a Curtiss A-1 Triad seaplane over Keuka Lake in New York. This event marked a significant step in the establishment of the U.S. Navy's aviation capabilities. source: en.wikipedia.org
14 Sep Assassination of Pyotr Stolypin: Pyotr Stolypin, the Russian Prime Minister, was assassinated on September 14, 1911, during a performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's 'The Tale of Tsar Saltan' at the Kiev Opera House. He was shot twice by Dmitry Bogrov, a leftist revolutionary, and died four days later. source: britannica.com
17 Sep Women's tennis championship match: On September 17, 1911, a significant women's tennis championship match took place, showcasing the growing popularity of women's sports. This event marked a pivotal moment in the history of women's tennis, contributing to the advancement of female athletes in competitive sports. source: britannica.com
20 Sep Frank De Vol, Television Musician Born: Frank Denny De Vol, an American composer, bandleader, arranger, and actor, was born on September 20, 1911, in Moundsville, West Virginia. He was nominated for five Academy Awards for his film scores and was also known for his acting roles in television series such as 'Fernwood 2 Night' and 'America 2-Night'. source: en.wikipedia.org
26 Sep Italy's ultimatum to Ottoman Empire over North African territories: On September 26, 1911, Italy issued an ultimatum to the Ottoman Empire, demanding the immediate military occupation of Tripolitania (modern-day Libya) within 24 hours. This action was part of Italy's broader strategy to establish a colonial presence in North Africa. The Ottoman Empire's refusal led to Italy declaring war on September 29, 1911. source: britannica.com
27 Sep First parliamentary elections with universal male suffrage in Sweden: Between September 3 and 24, 1911, Sweden held its first general election under universal male suffrage, allowing all men aged 24 and above to vote. The Free-minded National Association emerged as the largest party, winning 102 of the 230 seats in the Second Chamber of the Riksdag. This election marked a significant step towards democratic reforms in Sweden. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 Sep Italian ultimatum to Ottoman Empire: On September 28, 1911, Italy presented an ultimatum to the Ottoman Empire, demanding the immediate military occupation of Tripolitania (modern-day Libya) within 24 hours. This ultimatum was part of Italy's broader strategy to establish a colonial presence in North Africa. The Ottoman Empire's refusal led to Italy declaring war on September 29, 1911. source: britannica.com
29 Sep Italy declares war on Ottoman Empire: On September 29, 1911, Italy declared war on the Ottoman Empire, initiating the Italo-Turkish War. This conflict was driven by Italy's desire to establish a colonial presence in North Africa, particularly in the provinces of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, now part of modern-day Libya. source: britannica.com
30 Sep Austin Dam disaster: On September 30, 1911, the Austin Dam in Pennsylvania failed, releasing a massive flood that devastated the town of Austin and surrounding areas. The disaster resulted in significant loss of life and property, highlighting the importance of dam safety and engineering standards. source: newspapers.com
01 Oct First public elevator in London's Earl's Court: On October 1, 1911, the first public elevator in London's Earl's Court area was opened. This innovation marked a significant advancement in urban infrastructure, providing greater accessibility and convenience for residents and visitors. source: standard.co.uk
02 Oct Founding of East Tennessee State Normal School: On October 2, 1911, East Tennessee State Normal School opened with 29 students, offering two courses of study: a four-year high school curriculum and a two-year normal school curriculum.
05 Oct Founding of East Tennessee State Normal School: On October 5, 1911, East Tennessee State Normal School was officially dedicated, marking a significant milestone in the institution's history.
06 Oct Karl Staaff forms Liberal government in Sweden: On October 6, 1911, Karl Staaff, leader of the Liberal Coalition Party, formed a new government in Sweden. source: en.wikipedia.org
07 Oct Wuchang Uprising begins: On October 7, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising commenced, marking the start of the Xinhai Revolution in China. source: en.wikipedia.org
08 Oct Italy abolishes slavery in Tripoli: On October 8, 1911, Italy abolished slavery in Tripoli, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. source: en.wikipedia.org
09 Oct Wuchang Uprising begins Xinhai Revolution: On October 9, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising began, leading to the Xinhai Revolution in China. source: en.wikipedia.org
10 Oct Overthrow of the Qing Dynasty: On October 10, 1911, the Qing Dynasty was overthrown, leading to the establishment of the Republic of China. source: en.wikipedia.org
11 Oct Italian Colonial Expansion in Tripoli: On October 11, 1911, Italian forces landed in Tripoli, Libya, marking the beginning of the Italo-Turkish War. This invasion led to Italy's colonization of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. source: britannica.com
12 Oct Xinhai Revolution Begins in China: On October 12, 1911, the Wuchang Uprising led to the start of the Xinhai Revolution in China, resulting in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China. source: en.wikipedia.org
13 Oct Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, becomes the first Governor General of Canada of royal descent: On October 13, 1911, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, was appointed as the Governor General of Canada, becoming the first member of the British royal family to hold this position. source: Wikipedia (day-month pages)
14 Oct Hans Schmidt becomes 100th aviation fatality: On October 14, 1911, aviator Hans Schmidt was killed during a stunt flight in Bern, Switzerland, when his plane's engine exploded at an altitude of 150 feet, marking the 100th aviation fatality since the Wright Brothers' first flight in 1903. source: commons.wikimedia.org
19 Oct Royal Mint sends coin dies to Ottawa: On October 19, 1911, the British Royal Mint dispatched the master dies for Canada's proposed silver dollar to its Ottawa branch. However, due to production delays and a change in government, the coin was never minted, making it one of Canada's rarest coins. source: canadiancoinnews.com
23 Oct First aerial reconnaissance in warfare: On October 23, 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, Italian pilot Captain Carlo Maria Piazza conducted the first military aerial reconnaissance mission over Turkish lines in Libya, marking the inaugural use of an airplane for military observation. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Oct First Solvay Conference Convenes in Brussels: The inaugural Solvay Conference on Physics, chaired by Hendrik Lorentz, was held in Brussels from October 30 to November 3, 1911. This landmark event brought together 18 leading physicists, including Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, and Ernest Rutherford, to discuss 'Radiation and the Quanta.' The conference is renowned for its significant impact on the development of quantum theory. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Nov First Aerial Combat Bombing Mission: On November 1, 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, Italian pilot Giulio Gavotti conducted the first recorded aerial bombing mission. He dropped four grenades over the Tajura oasis and a military camp at Ain Zara in Libya, marking the beginning of aerial warfare. source: en.wikipedia.org
05 Nov Italy annexes Libyan territories: On November 5, 1911, Italy annexed the Libyan cities of Cyrenaica and Tripoli, escalating the Italo-Turkish War. This action marked a significant expansion of Italy's colonial holdings in North Africa. source: italianartsociety.org
07 Nov Governor-General Wu Lu-cheng commits suicide: On November 7, 1911, Governor-General Wu Lu-cheng of Sichuan committed suicide amid the political turmoil leading to the Xinhai Revolution. His death symbolized the collapse of imperial authority in China during this transformative period. source: britannica.com
09 Nov Death of Howard Pyle, renowned American illustrator and author: Howard Pyle, an American illustrator and author known for his works such as 'The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood,' died on November 9, 1911, in Florence, Italy, due to a sudden kidney infection. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 Nov Albert Alonzo Ames, Mayor of Minneapolis, dies: Albert Alonzo "Doc" Ames, a physician and politician who served four non-consecutive terms as mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota, died suddenly on November 16, 1911, at his home in Minneapolis. source: www3.mnhs.org
17 Nov Founding of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity: Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc., the first international fraternal organization founded on the campus of a historically black college, was established on November 17, 1911, at Howard University in Washington, D.C. source: oppf.org
18 Nov Ludwig Thuille's 'Lobetanz' debuts in America: On November 18, 1911, Ludwig Thuille's composition 'Lobetanz' premiered in America, showcasing the cultural exchange between Europe and the United States. This event highlighted the growing appreciation for classical music in American society. source: britannica.com
07 Dec End of Queue Hairstyle in China: On December 7, 1911, Prince Chun, the regent for and father of the Emperor of China, resigned from office. He was succeeded by Prince Shi-Hsu, former National Assembly president, and Hsu Shi-Chang, Vice President of the Privy Council. source: justapedia.org
11 Dec Train derailment near Porto, Portugal: On December 11, 1911, a train derailed near Porto, Portugal, resulting in 14 fatalities and 30 injuries as the cars plunged into the Douro River. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Dec Delhi becomes capital of British India: During the Delhi Durbar on December 12, 1911, King George V announced the transfer of the capital of British India from Calcutta to a new city near Delhi. source: en.wikipedia.org
13 Dec Mona Lisa recovered in Florence: On December 13, 1911, the Mona Lisa, stolen from the Louvre in 1911, was recovered in Florence, Italy. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 Dec Britain's National Health Insurance Act Passed: The National Insurance Act 1911 received royal assent on December 16, 1911. This legislation introduced a national system of health and unemployment insurance for workers in Great Britain, marking a significant step in the development of the modern welfare state. source: britannica.com
18 Dec Der Blaue Reiter Art Exhibition Opens in Munich: The 'Der Blaue Reiter' (The Blue Rider) art exhibition opened in Munich on December 18, 1911. This exhibition was pivotal in the development of Expressionism in art.
23 Dec Frank Wedekind's Satirical Play Premieres: Frank Wedekind's satirical play 'Franziska' premiered on December 23, 1911. The play presents the heroine as a 'female Faust' through conscious parody and commentary on episodes from Goethe's 'Faust'. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Dec Premiere of 'Kismet' in New York City: The musical 'Kismet' premiered in New York City on December 25, 1911. The production was notable for its blend of Eastern and Western musical styles.
29 Dec Ernest Rutherford's Atomic Nucleus Discovery: Ernest Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus on December 29, 1911, through his gold foil experiment, leading to the Rutherford model of the atom.
31 Dec Marie Curie awarded second Nobel Prize: Marie Curie was awarded her second Nobel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry, for her discovery of the elements radium and polonium, making her the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields. source: britannica.com

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