Major Events of 1920: Key Historical Moments You Need to Know

Every year brings its own set of pivotal moments that leave a lasting mark on history. From political shifts and technological advancements to cultural breakthroughs, these events shape the world and influence the future. In this comprehensive overview, we'll explore the most significant occurrences from 1920, highlighting key moments that continue to impact our lives today.

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Major Events of 1920 - Historical Moments That Defined the Year | TakeMeBack.to

04 Jan Formation of National Negro Baseball League: The National Negro Baseball League was established on January 4, 1920, in Kansas City, Missouri. This league provided a professional platform for African American baseball players during a time when racial segregation limited their opportunities in Major League Baseball. source: baseball-reference.com
05 Jan Babe Ruth Traded to New York Yankees: On January 5, 1920, Babe Ruth was sold to the New York Yankees by the Boston Red Sox. This transaction, often referred to as the "Curse of the Bambino," marked the beginning of Ruth's legendary career with the Yankees and a period of dominance for the team. source: history.com
06 Jan League of Women Voters Established: The League of Women Voters was established on January 6, 1920, in the United States. This nonpartisan political organization aimed to encourage informed and active participation in government, particularly among women voters following the passage of the 19th Amendment. source: lwv.org
08 Jan Great Steel Strike of 1919 concludes: The Great Steel Strike, which began in 1919, concluded on January 8, 1920, after significant labor unrest in the steel industry. The strike was marked by demands for better wages and working conditions, reflecting broader labor movements of the time. source: history.com
09 Jan Tragic shipwreck of the Treveal: On January 9, 1920, the ship Treveal sank, resulting in a significant loss of life. The incident highlighted the dangers of maritime travel during this period and led to discussions on improving safety regulations. source: britannica.com
10 Jan League of Nations established: The League of Nations was established on January 10, 1920, as part of the Treaty of Versailles. It aimed to promote peace and cooperation among countries in the aftermath of World War I. source: britannica.com
11 Jan French passenger ship Afrique sinks: The French passenger ship Afrique sank on January 11, 1920, resulting in numerous casualties. The disaster raised concerns about maritime safety and led to investigations into ship regulations. source: britannica.com
12 Jan SS Afrique maritime disaster: The SS Afrique disaster occurred on January 12, 1920, when the ship sank, leading to significant loss of life. This incident prompted discussions on maritime safety regulations and practices. source: britannica.com
13 Jan New York Times ridicules Robert H. Goddard: On January 13, 1920, the New York Times published an article mocking Robert H. Goddard's rocket research. This criticism reflected the skepticism surrounding early rocketry and space exploration efforts. source: nytimes.com
15 Jan John J. O'Connor becomes Archbishop of New York: On January 15, 1920, John J. O'Connor was appointed as the Archbishop of New York. His leadership played a significant role in the Catholic Church's influence in the region. source: archny.org
16 Jan First Assembly of the League of Nations: The inaugural session of the League of Nations Council took place in Paris, marking the beginning of the League's operations. Representatives from Belgium, Brazil, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, Spain, and the United Kingdom participated, with Léon Bourgeois of France presiding as the first Chairman. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 Jan Prohibition begins in the United States: The Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution took effect, initiating Prohibition. This amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the United States. source: en.wikipedia.org
18 Jan Georges Clemenceau resigns as French Prime Minister: Georges Clemenceau resigned from his position as Prime Minister of France, following the election of Paul Deschanel as President. Clemenceau's resignation marked a significant shift in French politics post-World War I. source: en.wikipedia.org
19 Jan US Senate rejects League of Nations: The U.S. Senate voted against joining the League of Nations, a decision that had significant implications for international diplomacy and the effectiveness of the League. source: guides.loc.gov
20 Jan Federico Fellini birth: Federico Fellini, the renowned Italian film director and screenwriter, was born in Rimini, Italy. He is celebrated for his distinctive style in films such as 'La Dolce Vita' and '8½'. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Jan Battle of Marash: Turkish National Forces Reclaim City: On January 21, 1920, Turkish National Forces initiated the Battle of Marash against French forces occupying the city. The engagement lasted until February 12, resulting in a Turkish victory and the French retreat from Marash. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Jan Birth of Sir Alf Ramsey, Football Legend: Sir Alf Ramsey, the renowned English footballer and manager, was born on January 22, 1920, in Dagenham, Essex, England. source: en.wikipedia.org
23 Jan Ottoman Empire Dissolution: The Treaty of Sèvres, signed on August 10, 1920, marked the formal dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. source: en.wikipedia.org
26 Jan Lincoln Motor Company reorganization into automobile manufacturing: On January 26, 1920, Lincoln Motor Company, originally established in 1917 for aircraft engine production, reorganized its Detroit factory to produce automobiles, marking its entry into the luxury car market. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Jan Patrick Heron: Abstract painter born: Patrick Heron, a prominent British abstract painter, was born on January 30, 1920. His work is known for its vibrant colors and innovative use of form, contributing significantly to the development of modern art in the UK. source: britannica.com
31 Jan Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity incorporation: Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. was founded on January 9, 1914, but was officially incorporated on January 31, 1920. It is a historically African American fraternity that promotes brotherhood, scholarship, and service. source: britannica.com
01 Feb Royal Canadian Mounted Police formation: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) was officially formed on February 1, 1920, through the merger of the North-West Mounted Police and the Dominion Police. The RCMP serves as the federal and national law enforcement agency of Canada. source: britannica.com
02 Feb Estonian independence declaration: Estonia declared its independence on February 2, 1920, following the Tartu Peace Treaty with Soviet Russia. This declaration was a pivotal moment in Estonia's history, affirming its sovereignty. source: britannica.com
03 Feb Allies seek German war criminal extradition: On February 3, 1920, the Allied powers began efforts to extradite German war criminals following World War I. This initiative was part of the broader accountability measures for wartime actions. source: britannica.com
04 Feb Hlučín Region transferred to Czechoslovakia: On February 4, 1920, the Hlučín Region, previously part of Germany's Prussian Province of Silesia, was transferred to Czechoslovakia as per Article 83 of the Treaty of Versailles. The region, inhabited mostly by Czech speakers, was annexed without a referendum, despite prior voluntary surveys indicating a preference to remain part of Germany. source: en.wikipedia.org
05 Feb Fire devastates University of King's College: On February 5, 1920, a significant fire broke out at the University of King's College, causing extensive damage to the institution's facilities.
06 Feb French government endorses Treaty of Versailles: On February 6, 1920, the French government officially endorsed the Treaty of Versailles, affirming its commitment to the post-World War I peace settlement.
08 Feb Swiss men vote against women's suffrage: On February 8, 1920, Swiss men voted against granting women the right to vote. This was part of a series of rejections; for instance, in the Canton of Zurich, the vote was 88,249 against and 21,608 in favor. The Federal Council refused all appeals to submit the question, despite discussions in the First Chamber. source: en.wikisource.org
09 Feb Allies seek prosecution of German war criminals: On February 9, 1920, the Allied powers initiated efforts to prosecute German war criminals. This action was part of the broader post-World War I efforts to hold individuals accountable for war crimes.
10 Feb Nazi Party platform unveiled: On February 10, 1920, the Nazi Party unveiled its platform, outlining its political goals and ideologies. This document would later become known as the 'Twenty-Five Point Program.'
11 Feb Idaho ratifies 19th Amendment: On February 11, 1920, Idaho became the 24th state to ratify the 19th Amendment, granting women the right to vote. This was a significant milestone in the women's suffrage movement in the United States. source: archives.gov
12 Feb Ottoman Empire's final parliamentary report - Misak-ı Millî: On February 12, 1920, the Ottoman Parliament issued the Misak-ı Millî, a declaration of national principles that aimed to define the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire. This document played a crucial role in the establishment of modern Turkey. source: britannica.com
13 Feb Allies seek German war criminals post-World War I: On February 13, 1920, the Allied powers began efforts to identify and prosecute German war criminals following World War I. This initiative was part of the broader efforts to establish accountability for wartime atrocities. source: britannica.com
14 Feb League of Women Voters established: The League of Women Voters was established on February 14, 1920, to promote civic engagement and advocate for women's rights in the United States. This organization played a significant role in the women's suffrage movement and continues to influence American politics today. source: britannica.com
15 Feb Richard O'Brien appointed CEO of Manpower Services Commission: On February 15, 1920, Richard O'Brien was appointed as the CEO of the Manpower Services Commission in the UK. His leadership was pivotal in addressing labor market challenges in the post-war economy. source: theguardian.com
18 Feb Paul Deschanel becomes President of France: On February 18, 1920, Paul Deschanel was elected as the 14th President of France. His presidency was marked by his commitment to the League of Nations and efforts to rebuild France after World War I. source: en.wikipedia.org
19 Feb US Senate rejects Treaty of Versailles: On February 19, 1920, the United States Senate voted against ratifying the Treaty of Versailles, which had been signed in 1919 to officially end World War I. This decision reflected the Senate's reluctance to join the League of Nations and entangle the U.S. in international commitments. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Feb Le Train Bleu ballet premiere: The ballet 'Le Train Bleu' premiered in Paris, showcasing a collaboration between notable artists including Coco Chanel and Pablo Picasso. This performance is significant in the history of ballet for its innovative approach and artistic direction. source: britannica.com
22 Feb Bureau of Prisons administrative communication: On February 22, 1920, the Bureau of Prisons issued a significant administrative communication regarding the management and operations of federal prisons. This document played a role in shaping policies for inmate management during that era. source: archives.gov
23 Feb Soviet Army consolidates Northern Russia: On February 23, 1920, the Soviet Army made significant advances in consolidating control over Northern Russia, a crucial step in the Russian Civil War. This consolidation was part of the broader efforts to stabilize the Bolshevik regime. source: britannica.com
24 Feb Nazi Party founded: The National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party) was founded on February 24, 1920, in Munich, Germany. This event marked the beginning of a political movement that would have profound implications for Germany and the world. source: britannica.com
25 Feb Dr. Anna Weld and Professor Leila Andrews admitted to American College of Physicians: On February 25, 1920, Dr. Anna Weld and Professor Leila Andrews became the first and second women to be admitted into the American College of Physicians. source: en.wikipedia.org
26 Feb Premiere of 'The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari' in Berlin: On February 26, 1920, the German silent horror film 'The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari' premiered at the Marmorhaus theater in Berlin. source: en.wikipedia.org
03 Mar Birth of James Doohan: James Doohan, the Canadian actor best known for his role as Montgomery 'Scotty' Scott in the Star Trek franchise, was born on March 3, 1920. His portrayal of Scotty became iconic, influencing popular culture and the science fiction genre. source: britannica.com
08 Mar Portuguese government reshuffle: On March 8, 1920, a significant reshuffle occurred within the Portuguese government, reflecting the political instability of the time. This event was part of a series of changes that characterized the early 20th-century Portuguese political landscape. source: britannica.com
10 Mar West Virginia ratifies the 19th Amendment: On March 10, 1920, West Virginia became the 34th state to ratify the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, granting women the right to vote. source: sos.wv.gov
15 Mar E. Donnall Thomas born in Mart, Texas: E. Donnall Thomas, an American physician renowned for pioneering bone marrow transplantation, was born on March 15, 1920, in Mart, Texas. source: britannica.com
20 Mar Birth of Pamela Harriman: Pamela Harriman, an influential American socialite and political figure, was born on this date. She became known for her role in politics and philanthropy, particularly as a U.S. ambassador and a prominent Democratic fundraiser. source: britannica.com
22 Mar Washington ratifies women's suffrage amendment: On March 22, 1920, Washington became the 35th state to ratify the 19th Amendment, granting women the right to vote. This pivotal moment marked a significant victory in the women's suffrage movement in the United States. source: archives.gov
23 Mar Shusha massacre: The Shusha Massacre, occurring in March 1920, involved the killing of Armenians in the city of Shusha, Azerbaijan. This event is a significant part of the historical narrative surrounding ethnic conflicts in the region. source: britannica.com
24 Mar First US Coast Guard air station established: On March 24, 1920, the first U.S. Coast Guard air station was established in Cape May, New Jersey. This marked a significant development in the Coast Guard's capabilities, enhancing maritime surveillance and rescue operations. source: history.com
25 Mar Black and Tans arrive in Ireland: The Black and Tans, a British paramilitary group, arrived in Ireland on March 25, 1920, during the Irish War of Independence. Their actions were marked by violence and repression against the Irish population, contributing to the conflict's intensity. source: britannica.com
26 Mar Publication of 'This Side of Paradise' by F. Scott Fitzgerald: F. Scott Fitzgerald's debut novel, 'This Side of Paradise,' was published on March 26, 1920. The novel examines the lives and morality of carefree American youth at the dawn of the Jazz Age. Its protagonist, Amory Blaine, is a handsome middle-class student at Princeton University who dabbles in literature and engages in a series of unfulfilling romances with young women. The novel explores themes of love warped by greed and social ambition. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Apr New York Expels Socialist Legislators: On April 1, 1920, the New York State Assembly expelled five Socialist Party members—August Claessens, Samuel A. DeWitt, Samuel Orr, Charles Solomon, and Louis Waldman—citing disloyalty due to their political affiliation. This action occurred during the First Red Scare, a period of heightened anti-socialist sentiment in the United States. source: en.wikipedia.org
03 Apr Assassination Attempt on General Mannerheim in Tampere: On April 3, 1920, an assassination attempt was made on Finnish General Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim in Tampere. Mannerheim, a key figure in Finland's struggle for independence, survived the attack, which was part of the political turmoil following Finland's independence from Russia. source: en.wikipedia.org
06 Apr Far Eastern Republic established: The Far Eastern Republic was established on April 6, 1920, as a buffer state between Soviet Russia and Japan. It was a short-lived political entity that existed until 1922, primarily in the Russian Far East. source: britannica.com
07 Apr Nebi Musa riots in Jerusalem: The Nebi Musa riots occurred on April 7, 1920, in Jerusalem, resulting from tensions between Jewish and Arab communities. The riots were part of a series of violent confrontations during the British Mandate in Palestine. source: britannica.com
08 Apr Tragic Week in Guatemala: The Tragic Week in Guatemala began on April 8, 1920, marked by a series of violent protests against the government. This period was characterized by political repression and social unrest. source: britannica.com
09 Apr Tragic Week in Guatemala: Political uprising in Guatemala City: On April 9, 1920, a political uprising occurred in Guatemala City during the Tragic Week, leading to significant unrest and government crackdowns. This event was part of a broader struggle for political reform in the country. source: britannica.com
10 Apr Sonora's attempted secession from Mexico: On April 10, 1920, Sonora attempted to secede from Mexico amid political turmoil and dissatisfaction with the central government. This event was part of the broader revolutionary movements in Mexico during this period. source: britannica.com
13 Apr Helen Hamilton Becomes First Woman US Civil Service Commissioner: On April 13, 1920, Helen Hamilton Gardener was appointed as a U.S. Civil Service Commissioner, becoming the first woman to hold such a position. source: historynewsnetwork.org
21 Apr Bainbridge Colby establishes Declaration of Independence preservation committee: On April 21, 1920, U.S. Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby appointed a committee to study the preservation of the Declaration of Independence and other important documents. source: whathappenedinhistorytoday.wordpress.com
23 Apr Founding of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey: On April 23, 1920, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey was founded, laying the foundation for the modern Turkish state. source: en.wikipedia.org
24 Apr British Mandate over Palestine established: On April 24, 1920, the League of Nations granted Britain the mandate to govern Palestine, leading to significant geopolitical changes in the region. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Apr San Remo Conference: Middle East Mandate Allocation: The San Remo Conference, held from April 19 to 26, 1920, allocated mandates over former Ottoman territories. Britain received mandates for Palestine and Mesopotamia (Iraq), while France was granted the mandate for Syria and Lebanon. source: britannica.com
26 Apr German Troop Withdrawal from Ruhr Valley: In April 1920, German troops withdrew from the Ruhr Valley, a region that had been occupied by Allied forces following World War I. This withdrawal was part of the implementation of the Treaty of Versailles, which aimed to demilitarize the area. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 May Babe Ruth Hits Historic Home Run for Yankees: On May 1, 1920, Babe Ruth hit his first home run for the New York Yankees, marking a significant moment in baseball history.
02 May Founding of the Negro National League: On May 2, 1920, the Negro National League was founded, providing a professional baseball league for African American players during the era of segregation.
03 May Polish Troops Capture Kiev in Polish-Soviet War: On May 3, 1920, Polish troops captured Kiev during the Polish-Soviet War, advancing into Soviet Ukraine.
04 May Romania establishes National Hero Day: On May 4, 1920, Romania established National Hero Day to honor those who died in World War I. The day is celebrated annually on Ascension Day, forty days after Easter, to commemorate both Romanian and foreign soldiers who fell on Romanian soil during the war. source: english.mapn.ro
08 May 1920 Kentucky Derby highlights: The 46th Kentucky Derby took place on May 8, 1920, at Churchill Downs. Paul Jones won the race by a nose, narrowly defeating Upset, who showed impressive speed on the home stretch, and On Watch, who finished third. source: weather.gov
09 May Julio Acosta García inaugurated as Costa Rican President: Julio Acosta García was inaugurated as the 24th President of Costa Rica on May 9, 1920. He served from 1920 to 1924, succeeding Francisco Aguilar Barquero. source: en.wikipedia.org
13 May Eugene Debs presidential nomination from prison: Eugene V. Debs was nominated for president by the Socialist Party while imprisoned for his anti-war activism. His candidacy highlighted the political repression of dissenting voices during World War I. source: history.com
14 May Joan of Arc canonized as saint: Joan of Arc was canonized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church on May 14, 1920. This event recognized her contributions and martyrdom during the Hundred Years' War. source: britannica.com
15 May Canonization of Joan of Arc: Joan of Arc was canonized as a saint by Pope Benedict XV on May 15, 1920. This event was a culmination of her legacy as a national heroine of France. source: britannica.com
16 May Spanish bullfighter Joselito dies: Joselito, a famous Spanish bullfighter, died on May 16, 1920, from injuries sustained during a bullfight. His death marked a significant moment in the history of bullfighting in Spain. source: britannica.com
17 May KLM's inaugural flight: KLM Royal Dutch Airlines conducted its inaugural flight on May 17, 1920, marking the beginning of its operations as one of the world's oldest airlines. This flight connected Amsterdam to London. source: britannica.com
18 May Birth of Pope John Paul II in Wadowice, Poland: Karol Józef Wojtyła, who would later become Pope John Paul II, was born on May 18, 1920, in Wadowice, Poland. source: vaticannews.va
19 May Matewan Massacre: Labor Conflict in West Virginia: On May 19, 1920, the Matewan Massacre occurred in West Virginia, where a violent confrontation between coal miners and law enforcement resulted in multiple deaths. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 May First North American Regular Radio Broadcast: On May 20, 1920, the first regular radio broadcast in North America was transmitted, marking a significant milestone in communication history. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 May Assassination of Mexican President Venustiano Carranza: On May 21, 1920, Mexican President Venustiano Carranza was assassinated during the Mexican Revolution. source: en.wikipedia.org
23 May Pope Benedict XV issues peace encyclical: On May 23, 1920, Pope Benedict XV issued the encyclical "Pacem, Dei Munus Pulcherrimum," calling for international reconciliation and lasting peace following World War I. source: vatican.va
28 May House fails to override Wilson's veto of Knox Bill: On May 28, 1920, the U.S. House of Representatives attempted to override President Wilson's veto of the Knox peace resolution but fell short, with a vote of 219 to 152, lacking the necessary two-thirds majority. source: nytimes.com
29 May The Great Louth Flood of 1920: On May 29, 1920, a severe flash flood struck the town of Louth in Lincolnshire, England, resulting in 23 fatalities and widespread destruction. The flood was caused by intense rainfall over the Lincolnshire Wolds, leading to the River Lud rising rapidly and inundating the town. source: louthtowncouncil.gov.uk
30 May Ralph Metcalfe - Olympic athlete born: Ralph Metcalfe, an American Olympic athlete renowned for his sprinting prowess, was born on May 30, 1920. He later became a prominent figure in track and field, earning multiple Olympic medals. source: en.wikipedia.org
31 May Gaston Chevrolet triumphs at Indianapolis 500: Gaston Chevrolet won the Indianapolis 500 on May 31, 1920, becoming the first French-born driver to secure victory in this prestigious American automobile race. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Jun Adolfo de la Huerta becomes President of Mexico: Adolfo de la Huerta assumed the presidency of Mexico on June 1, 1920, following a period of political instability and preceding the establishment of the Mexican Constitution of 1917. source: en.wikipedia.org
02 Jun Marcel Reich-Ranicki birth: Marcel Reich-Ranicki, a renowned German-Polish literary critic and essayist, was born on June 2, 1920. He became a prominent figure in German literature and was known for his critical acumen. source: en.wikipedia.org
03 Jun Adolfo de la Huerta Becomes President of Mexico: On June 3, 1920, Adolfo de la Huerta was officially sworn in as the President of Mexico, marking a significant transition in the country's political landscape during the post-Mexican Revolution era. De la Huerta, a prominent political figure, assumed the presidency during a tumultuous period of national reconstruction and political realignment.
04 Jun Treaty of Trianon Dramatically Reshapes Hungary: The Treaty of Trianon, signed in Paris, imposed severe territorial and demographic losses on Hungary following World War I. The treaty resulted in Hungary losing approximately 71% of its pre-war territory and 63% of its population, fundamentally altering the nation's geopolitical landscape and national identity.
05 Jun Bolshevik Invasion of Georgia: Bolshevik cavalry forces invaded Georgia, marking a critical moment in the Russian Civil War and Soviet territorial expansion. This military incursion represented a significant geopolitical event in the Caucasus region, demonstrating the Soviet Union's aggressive territorial ambitions.
06 Jun Wrangel's Offensive Against the Red Army: General Pyotr Wrangel, a prominent White Army commander during the Russian Civil War, launched a significant military offensive against the Bolshevik Red Army in southern Russia. This strategic operation was part of the ongoing conflict between the anti-communist White forces and the revolutionary Red Army, representing a critical moment in the struggle for control of the Russian territories following the 1917 Russian Revolution.
07 Jun Ku Klux Klan Launches Membership Expansion Campaign: On June 7, 1920, the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan initiated a strategic public relations campaign aimed at increasing its membership across the United States. This campaign represented a deliberate effort to normalize and spread the organization's racist ideology during the post-World War I era, targeting white Protestant Americans with messages of racial supremacy and xenophobia.
08 Jun Louisiana State Senate rejects women's suffrage amendment: On June 8, 1920, the Louisiana State Senate voted 22 to 19 to postpone consideration of the 19th Amendment, effectively rejecting it. This decision was unexpected, as prior reports had indicated anticipated passage. The postponement was a significant setback for the women's suffrage movement in Louisiana. source: nps.gov
09 Jun Leopold Skulski resigns as Polish Prime Minister: On June 9, 1920, Leopold Skulski resigned from his position as Prime Minister of Poland. His resignation followed the unsuccessful military campaign against the Soviet Union, which had significant political and military implications for Poland. source: en.wikipedia.org
10 Jun Michigan and Wisconsin ratify 19th Amendment: On June 10, 1920, Michigan and Wisconsin ratified the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, granting women the right to vote. Their ratifications brought the nation closer to the necessary three-fourths majority for the amendment's adoption. source: en.wikipedia.org
11 Jun Birth of the 'Smoke-Filled Room' political phrase: On June 11, 1920, the term 'smoke-filled room' entered the political lexicon during the Republican National Convention. It referred to the backroom negotiations that led to Warren G. Harding's nomination for president. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Jun Polish-Soviet War: Red Army recaptures Kiev: On June 12, 1920, during the Polish-Soviet War, the Red Army recaptured Kiev from Polish forces. source: britannica.com
16 Jun Hague Jurists plan International Court: Between June 16 and July 24, 1920, an Advisory Committee of Jurists convened in The Hague to draft the statute for the Permanent Court of International Justice, a key component of the League of Nations. source: icj-cij.org
21 Jun U.S. Army begins issuing World War I Victory Medals: On June 21, 1920, the U.S. Army commenced the distribution of the World War I Victory Medal to honor military personnel who served during the war. The Navy began its distribution in August 1920. source: history.navy.mil
22 Jun Charles Strite files patent for pop-up toaster: On June 22, 1920, Charles Strite filed a patent application for the pop-up toaster, aiming to improve the toasting process by automatically ejecting the toast when done. source: thegazette.com
26 Jun Brigadier General Cuthbert Lucas kidnapped by IRA in Ireland: On June 26, 1920, Brigadier General Cuthbert Lucas was abducted by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) while fishing near Fermoy, Ireland. He was taken by armed men and held captive, with no immediate news of his whereabouts. source: parliament.uk
27 Jun Birth of I.A.L. Diamond, acclaimed screenwriter: I.A.L. Diamond, born Itek Domnici, was born on June 27, 1920, in Ungheni, Romania (now Moldova). He became a renowned screenwriter and producer, known for films such as "Some Like It Hot" (1959) and "The Apartment" (1960). source: peliplat.com
01 Jul Walter Johnson pitches no-hitter against Boston Red Sox: On July 1, 1920, Walter Johnson of the Washington Senators pitched a no-hitter against the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park, winning 1-0. This was the only no-hitter of Johnson's illustrious career. source: baseballhall.org
02 Jul Tukhachevsky's proclamation in Russo-Polish War: On July 2, 1920, during the Russo-Polish War, Soviet General Mikhail Tukhachevsky issued an order proclaiming that "the fate of the general revolution will be decided in the west" and that "the road to world conflagration leads over Poland’s corpse." source: britannica.com
06 Jul Democratic National Convention nominates James M. Cox for president: On July 6, 1920, the Democratic National Convention concluded in San Francisco, nominating Ohio Governor James M. Cox for president and Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt for vice president. This marked the first time a major party held its nominating convention on the West Coast. source: en.wikipedia.org
07 Jul Arthur Meighen becomes Canadian Prime Minister: On July 7, 1920, Arthur Meighen was appointed as the 9th Prime Minister of Canada, succeeding Sir Robert Borden. Meighen's tenure was marked by his leadership during a period of post-war reconstruction and economic challenges.
10 Jul Arthur Meighen becomes Prime Minister of Canada: On July 10, 1920, Arthur Meighen succeeded Sir Robert Borden as Canada's ninth Prime Minister, following Borden's retirement. Meighen led the Conservative Party and served as Prime Minister until December 29, 1921. source: britannica.com
15 Jul Establishment of Silesian Voivodeship: On July 15, 1920, the Polish Parliament enacted a constitutional act granting autonomy to the Silesian Voivodeship, a region in Upper Silesia. This legislation established the Silesian Sejm (Parliament) and provided the voivodeship with its own legislative body and treasury, marking a significant step in Poland's post-World War I reconstruction. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 Jul First US Army Chemical Warfare Chief Appointed: On July 16, 1920, General Amos Fries was appointed as the first Chief of the Chemical Warfare Service, a position he held until his retirement in 1929. source: en.wikipedia.org
19 Jul 1920 Summer Olympics Open in Antwerp: The 1920 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad, opened in Antwerp, Belgium, on July 19, 1920. The Games were awarded to Antwerp to honor the Belgian people for their suffering during World War I. The opening ceremony introduced the Olympic flag and featured the release of doves as a symbol of peace. source: britannica.com
20 Jul French Ultimatum in Syria: On July 20, 1920, France issued an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Syria, demanding that Syrian forces withdraw from the region of the Golan Heights. This ultimatum was part of France's efforts to establish its mandate over Syria following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Jul Belfast Pogrom of 1920: The Belfast Pogrom of 1920 was a series of violent attacks against the Catholic and nationalist communities in Belfast, Northern Ireland, beginning on July 21, 1920. The violence resulted in numerous deaths and injuries and was part of a broader period of sectarian conflict in Ireland during the early 20th century. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Jul Warren G. Harding's Foreign Policy Speech: On July 22, 1920, Warren G. Harding, the Republican presidential candidate, delivered a speech outlining his foreign policy views. Harding advocated for a return to normalcy and opposed the United States' involvement in international organizations like the League of Nations. source: en.wikipedia.org
23 Jul Battle of Maysalun: On July 23, 1920, French forces defeated the Syrian Arab Army at the Battle of Maysalun, solidifying France's control over Syria. The battle was a significant event in the establishment of the French Mandate in Syria. source: en.wikipedia.org
24 Jul Soviet Army captures Lemberg: On July 24, 1920, during the Polish–Soviet War, the Soviet Army captured Lemberg (now Lviv, Ukraine), a significant city in the region. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Jul French capture of Damascus: On July 25, 1920, French forces captured Damascus, marking the end of the Arab Kingdom of Syria and the establishment of the French Mandate. source: en.wikipedia.org
27 Jul America's Cup: Resolute Defeats Shamrock IV: On July 27, 1920, the American yacht Resolute won the fifth and final race of the America's Cup series against the British challenger Shamrock IV, retaining the Cup for the United States. source: americascup.com
30 Jul 1st World Scout Jamboree in London: The first World Scout Jamboree was held in London from July 30 to August 6, 1920, marking a significant event in the Scouting movement. source: thisdayinusmilhist.wordpress.com
31 Jul Denmark Reclaims Northern Schleswig from Germany: On July 31, 1920, Denmark officially reclaimed Northern Schleswig from Germany, following a plebiscite where the majority voted to join Denmark. This reunification was celebrated as a symbol of Danish nationalism. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Aug Gandhi Launches Non-Cooperation Movement: On August 1, 1920, Mahatma Gandhi formally launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in India, urging Indians to withdraw support from British institutions and promote self-reliance as a means to achieve self-governance. source: britannica.com
04 Aug Wilson orders Navy to block Western Union cable landing: On August 4, 1920, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson ordered U.S. Navy destroyers to prevent the Western Union Telegraph Company from landing a cable in Miami, Florida. The cable was intended to connect Miami to Barbados and then to Brazil, but the company had not awaited U.S. government approval for the project. source: en.wikipedia.org
09 Aug Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine Takes Effect: On August 9, 1920, the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine, signed on November 27, 1919, between Bulgaria and the Allied powers, became effective. The treaty required Bulgaria to cede territories to Yugoslavia and Greece, reducing its army to 20,000 men, and to pay reparations, 75% of which were later remitted. source: britannica.com
10 Aug Treaty of Sèvres Divides Ottoman Empire: On August 10, 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres was signed between the Allied powers and the Ottoman Empire, partitioning the empire and establishing mandates over its former territories. The treaty recognized Armenia as an independent state and ceded large parts of Ottoman territory to France, the United Kingdom, Greece, and Italy. source: britannica.com
13 Aug Battle of Warsaw: Pivotal moment in Polish-Soviet War: The Battle of Warsaw, fought from August 12 to 25, 1920, was a decisive engagement during the Polish-Soviet War. The Polish forces, under General Józef Piłsudski, successfully defended Warsaw against the advancing Red Army, marking a turning point in the war. source: britannica.com
14 Aug VII Summer Olympics open in Antwerp: The VII Summer Olympics were officially opened in Antwerp, Belgium, on August 14, 1920. This event marked the first Olympics held after World War I and featured athletes from 29 nations competing in various sports. source: britannica.com
15 Aug Polish-Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw: The Battle of Warsaw, occurring on August 15, 1920, was a critical battle in the Polish-Soviet War. The Polish forces achieved a significant victory, halting the Soviet advance into Poland and altering the course of the war. source: britannica.com
16 Aug Ray Chapman fatal baseball incident: On August 16, 1920, Ray Chapman, a shortstop for the Cleveland Indians, was struck in the head by a pitch and died the following day. This incident marked the first fatality in Major League Baseball history and led to significant changes in player safety regulations. source: britannica.com
17 Aug Labor unrest in the United States: On August 17, 1920, labor unrest was widespread in the United States, with strikes and protests occurring in various industries. This unrest was part of a larger wave of labor movements seeking better working conditions and wages post-World War I. source: britannica.com
18 Aug Ratification of the 19th Amendment: The 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution was certified on August 18, 1920, granting women the right to vote. This landmark decision marked a significant victory in the women's suffrage movement, ensuring that voting rights could not be denied based on sex. source: archives.gov
19 Aug Second Silesian Uprising Begins: The Second Silesian Uprising began on August 19, 1920, as Polish nationalists sought to gain control over Upper Silesia from Germany. This conflict was part of a series of uprisings aimed at securing Polish territory after World War I. source: britannica.com
20 Aug National Football League Founded: The National Football League (NFL) was founded on August 20, 1920, in Canton, Ohio. This organization would grow to become the premier professional football league in the United States. source: britannica.com
21 Aug First Powerful Wireless Radio Transmission from France: On August 21, 1920, the first powerful wireless radio transmission was made from France, marking a significant advancement in communication technology. This event contributed to the development of radio broadcasting. source: britannica.com
28 Aug Warren G. Harding's pivotal campaign speech on post-World War I America: On August 28, 1920, Republican presidential candidate Warren G. Harding delivered a significant campaign speech in Boston, emphasizing the need for America to return to "normalcy" after World War I. He stated, "America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration." This speech resonated with the public and became a central theme of his successful campaign. source: britannica.com
29 Aug Birth of Charlie Parker, jazz legend: On August 29, 1920, Charles Parker Jr., known as Charlie Parker, was born in Kansas City, Kansas. He would go on to become a pioneering figure in the development of bebop, a complex and fast-paced style of jazz, and is considered one of the most influential jazz musicians of all time. source: en.wikipedia.org
02 Sep Abolition of corporal punishment in British Indian Army: On September 2, 1920, an amendment to the Indian Army Act abolished corporal punishment for Indian soldiers and followers, introducing field punishment as a substitute during active service. This change occurred approximately 40 years after flogging was abolished for British soldiers in 1881. source: cambridge.org
07 Sep 1920 Garfagnana earthquake in Italy: On September 7, 1920, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake struck the Garfagnana and Lunigiana regions in Tuscany, Italy, causing significant destruction and resulting in 171 fatalities. source: en.wikipedia.org
08 Sep First transcontinental air mail service in the United States: On September 8, 1920, the U.S. Post Office Department inaugurated the first transcontinental air mail service, connecting New York and San Francisco, marking a significant advancement in mail delivery. source: postalmuseum.si.edu
12 Sep Restoration of the Serbian Patriarchate: On September 12, 1920, the Serbian Orthodox Church restored its Patriarchate in Sremski Karlovci, unifying various dioceses into a single autocephalous church. This historic event marked the re-establishment of the Patriarchate of Peć, with Metropolitan Dimitrije of Belgrade elected as the first patriarch. source: serborth.org
17 Sep National Football League Founding: On September 17, 1920, the National Football League (NFL) was founded in Canton, Ohio, as the American Professional Football Association (APFA). The league was established to organize professional football teams and set standardized rules for the sport. source: profootballhof.com
20 Sep Black and Tans burn Balbriggan: On September 20, 1920, British forces known as the Black and Tans burned the town of Balbriggan in Ireland. This act was part of the violent conflict during the Irish War of Independence, resulting in significant destruction and loss of life. source: historyireland.com
21 Sep Balbriggan burning incident: The Balbriggan burning incident occurred on September 21, 1920, following the earlier attack by the Black and Tans. This event further escalated tensions during the Irish War of Independence, leading to widespread outrage. source: historyireland.com
22 Sep Black Sox scandal investigation begins: The investigation into the Black Sox scandal began on September 22, 1920, following allegations that several players conspired to fix the 1919 World Series. This scandal had a lasting impact on Major League Baseball. source: britannica.com
23 Sep Alexander Millerand elected president of France: Alexander Millerand was elected President of France on September 23, 1920. His presidency was marked by efforts to stabilize the French government during a tumultuous post-World War I period. source: britannica.com
28 Sep Eddie Cicotte's confession in Black Sox scandal: On September 28, 1920, Chicago White Sox pitcher Eddie Cicotte confessed to a grand jury his involvement in fixing the 1919 World Series. He admitted to accepting a $10,000 bribe from gamblers to intentionally lose games during the series. This confession was pivotal in exposing the Black Sox scandal, leading to the indictment of eight players and several gamblers. Cicotte later recanted his confession, but the damage to his career was irreversible, resulting in his lifetime ban from baseball. source: encyclopedia.com
02 Oct British warning to Soviet Union over naval presence: On October 2, 1920, British Foreign Secretary Lord Curzon sent a warning to Soviet Foreign Minister Georgy Chicherin about Soviet submarines in the Baltic Sea, stating that the Royal Navy would attack Russian submarines on sight. source: en.wikipedia.org
03 Oct First professional football games played in America: On October 3, 1920, the first professional football games in America were played, marking the beginning of the National Football League (NFL). source: profootballhof.com
04 Oct Charles Ponzi indicted for mail fraud: On October 4, 1920, Charles Ponzi, known for his fraudulent investment scheme, was indicted for mail fraud in the United States. source: history.com
05 Oct 1920 World Series: Cleveland Indians triumph with historic plays: On October 5, 1920, the Cleveland Indians won the 1920 World Series, featuring historic plays that contributed to their victory. source: baseball-reference.com
07 Oct 1920 US Population Census reveals national demographics: The 1920 United States Census, conducted on January 1, 1920, recorded a population of 106,021,537, marking a 15% increase from 1910. This census highlighted significant urbanization, with over 50% of the population now living in urban areas. source: census.gov
08 Oct Establishment of Bukharan People's Soviet Republic: On October 8, 1920, the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic was established in Central Asia, marking a significant development in the region's Sovietization process.
09 Oct Polish troops capture Vilnius: On October 9, 1920, Polish troops captured Vilnius, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Central Lithuania. source: en.wikipedia.org
10 Oct 1920 World Series: Cleveland Indians triumph: On October 10, 1920, the Cleveland Indians won the 1920 World Series, marking a significant achievement in the team's history.
12 Oct Polish-Soviet War ceasefire: A ceasefire was declared on October 12, 1920, effectively ending the Polish-Soviet War. The truce led to the signing of the Peace of Riga in March 1921, which divided disputed territories between Poland and Soviet Russia. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 Oct Chicago Bears play their first NFL game and win 7-0: On October 17, 1920, the Decatur Staleys, later known as the Chicago Bears, played their first NFL game, defeating the Muncie Flyers 7-0. source: history.com
18 Oct Birth of Melina Mercouri, Iconic Greek Actress and Political Activist: Melina Mercouri, a renowned Greek actress, singer, and politician, was born on October 18, 1920, in Athens, Greece. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Oct Grand jury indicts eight Chicago White Sox players in Black Sox Scandal: On October 22, 1920, a Chicago grand jury indicted eight members of the Chicago White Sox on charges of fixing the 1919 World Series. The accused players were pitchers Eddie Cicotte and Claude "Lefty" Williams, first baseman Arnold "Chick" Gandil, shortstop Charles "Swede" Risberg, third baseman George "Buck" Weaver, outfielders Joe "Shoeless Joe" Jackson and Oscar "Happy" Felsch, and utility infielder Fred McMullin. Court records suggest that the eight players received $70,000 to $100,000 for losing five games to three. source: britannica.com
29 Oct Birth of Baruj Benacerraf: Baruj Benacerraf, a Venezuelan-American immunologist and Nobel laureate, was born in Caracas, Venezuela, on October 29, 1920. He shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the major histocompatibility complex genes, which are crucial for the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self. source: en.wikipedia.org
03 Nov "Emperor Jones" Premieres at Provincetown Theater: The groundbreaking play "Emperor Jones" by Eugene O'Neill opened at the Provincetown Theater, marking an important moment in American theatrical history and representing innovative storytelling of the era.
07 Nov Soviet final offensive in Russian Civil War: The Soviet final offensive in the Russian Civil War began on November 7, 1920, marking a decisive phase in the conflict. This offensive aimed to consolidate Bolshevik control over Russia and eliminate remaining anti-Bolshevik forces. The campaign ultimately led to the establishment of Soviet dominance in the region. source: britannica.com
08 Nov Major League Baseball leadership conflict: On November 8, 1920, Major League Baseball owners convened to address the governance of the sport following the Black Sox Scandal. They unanimously selected Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis as the sole commissioner, granting him virtually unchecked authority to restore integrity to the game. This decision marked a significant shift in baseball's leadership structure. source: en.wikipedia.org
13 Nov Hudson River freezes in Albany: On November 13, 1920, the Hudson River froze in Albany, New York, a rare occurrence that drew attention due to its unusual nature. source: nytimes.com
16 Nov First postage stamp meter installed in Stamford, Connecticut: On November 16, 1920, the first postage stamp meter was installed in Stamford, Connecticut. This innovation allowed for the automatic printing of postage, streamlining the mailing process. The introduction of postage meters marked a significant advancement in postal technology. source: postalmuseum.si.edu
18 Nov Latvia declares independence: On November 18, 1920, Latvia declared its independence from Russia, following the end of World War I and the subsequent Russian Civil War. This declaration marked a significant moment in Latvian history, establishing the country as a sovereign state. source: latvia.eu
20 Nov Woodrow Wilson receives Nobel Peace Prize: On November 20, 1920, former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in establishing the League of Nations after World War I. His vision aimed to promote peace and prevent future conflicts. source: nobelprize.org
21 Nov Bloody Sunday during the Anglo-Irish War: On November 21, 1920, known as Bloody Sunday, a series of violent events occurred in Dublin, including the Croke Park massacre. This day marked a significant escalation in the conflict between Irish republicans and British forces. source: bbc.com
22 Nov DuPont's strategic acquisition of General Motors: On November 22, 1920, DuPont announced its acquisition of a significant stake in General Motors, marking a pivotal moment in corporate America. This acquisition allowed DuPont to expand its influence in the automotive industry. source: nytimes.com
25 Nov Birth of Malaysian royalty: On November 25, 1920, a notable figure in Malaysian royalty was born, contributing to the rich history of the Malaysian monarchy. This birth is significant in the context of Malaysia's cultural and political landscape. The individual would later play a role in the royal lineage of Malaysia. source: britannica.com
02 Dec Treaty of Alexandropol signed between Turkey and Armenia: On December 2, 1920, the Treaty of Alexandropol was signed between the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the Armenian government, ending hostilities and defining borders. However, the Armenian government had resigned on December 2, 1920, transferring power to a Soviet government, rendering the treaty invalid. source: britannica.com
06 Dec Dave Brubeck: Jazz Pianist and Composer Born: Dave Brubeck, an influential American jazz pianist and composer, was born on December 6, 1920, in Concord, California. He was known for his innovative approach to jazz, incorporating unusual time signatures and blending classical music elements. source: britannica.com
07 Dec Cricket match: New South Wales vs South Australia: On December 7, 1920, a cricket match between New South Wales and South Australia took place, showcasing the competitive spirit of Australian cricket. This match is part of the historical records of Australian cricket, contributing to the sport's legacy in the country. The event attracted significant attention from cricket enthusiasts. source: espncricinfo.com
11 Dec Finland joins the League of Nations: On December 11, 1920, Finland officially joined the League of Nations, marking a significant step in its international relations post-independence. This membership allowed Finland to participate in global diplomacy and contribute to international peace efforts. The League of Nations was established after World War I to promote cooperation among countries. source: britannica.com
13 Dec Birth of Don Taylor: Don Taylor was born on December 13, 1920, and would later become a notable figure in his field. His contributions have had a lasting impact, particularly in the realm of entertainment and media. Taylor's legacy continues to be recognized in various circles. source: britannica.com
17 Dec First US postage stamps without country name: On December 17, 1920, the United States issued its first postage stamps that did not include the country name. This change marked a significant evolution in stamp design and postal services. The stamps were part of a broader trend towards modernizing postal communication. source: usps.com
20 Dec Väinö Linna, Finnish writer, born: Väinö Linna, a Finnish author renowned for his novel "The Unknown Soldier," was born on December 20, 1920, in Urjala, Finland. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Dec Alicia Alonso: Cuban ballet legend born: Alicia Alonso, born on December 21, 1920, in Havana, Cuba, was a renowned Cuban prima ballerina assoluta and choreographer. She gained international acclaim for her performances in roles such as Giselle and Carmen, and founded the National Ballet of Cuba in 1955. source: britannica.com
23 Dec Partition of Ireland: On December 23, 1920, the Government of Ireland Act received royal assent from King George V, leading to the partition of Ireland into two self-governing regions: Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland. This act aimed to provide a measure of home rule to Ireland, dividing the island into two distinct political entities. source: en.wikipedia.org
29 Dec End of Italian Regency of Carnaro: The Italian Regency of Carnaro, established by Gabriele D'Annunzio in Fiume (now Rijeka, Croatia), ended on December 29, 1920, when Italian forces occupied the city, effectively ending the brief experiment in Italian Regency. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Dec Yugoslavia bans Communist Party through Obznana Decree: On December 30, 1920, the government of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes issued the Obznana decree, banning all Communist Party activities, including propaganda, organizations, and publications, in response to growing communist influence. source: en.wikipedia.org
31 Dec Roy Park's unfortunate Test cricket debut: Australian cricketer Roy Park made his Test debut against England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on December 31, 1920, but was dismissed for a duck (zero runs) on the first ball he faced. source: en.wikipedia.org

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