Major Events of 1933: Key Historical Moments You Need to Know

Every year brings its own set of pivotal moments that leave a lasting mark on history. From political shifts and technological advancements to cultural breakthroughs, these events shape the world and influence the future. In this comprehensive overview, we'll explore the most significant occurrences from 1933, highlighting key moments that continue to impact our lives today.

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Major Events of 1933 - Historical Moments That Defined the Year | TakeMeBack.to

16 Jan Birth of Susan Sontag: Susan Sontag, an American writer and critic, was born on January 16, 1933, in New York City. She became widely known for her nonfiction works including 'Against Interpretation and Other Essays' (1966), 'On Photography' (1976), and 'Illness as Metaphor' (1978). Sontag passed away on December 28, 2004, in New York. source: biography.com
22 Jan Death of Elisabeth Marbury, pioneering literary agent: Elisabeth Marbury, a prominent American literary agent and theater producer, passed away on January 22, 1933. She was known for her significant contributions to the American theater and her close association with playwrights like George Bernard Shaw. source: en.wikipedia.org
23 Jan 20th Amendment ratified, changing presidential inauguration date: The 20th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified on January 23, 1933, altering the presidential inauguration date from March 4 to January 20. This amendment aimed to reduce the 'lame duck' period between administrations. source: reaganlibrary.gov
24 Jan 20th Amendment ratified, changing presidential inauguration date: The 20th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified on January 23, 1933, altering the presidential inauguration date from March 4 to January 20. This amendment aimed to reduce the 'lame duck' period between administrations. source: reaganlibrary.gov
25 Jan Birth of Corazon Aquino: Corazon Aquino, the 11th President of the Philippines and the first woman to hold the office, was born on January 25, 1933. She played a pivotal role in the 1986 People Power Revolution that ousted Ferdinand Marcos. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 Jan Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany: On January 28, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg, marking a pivotal moment in German history. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Jan Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany: Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933, marking a pivotal moment in German history. His rise to power led to the establishment of a totalitarian regime and the onset of World War II. source: britannica.com
31 Jan Hitler's promise of parliamentary democracy: On January 31, 1933, Adolf Hitler promised to uphold parliamentary democracy in Germany. This statement was part of his strategy to gain public support while consolidating power. source: britannica.com
01 Feb Hitler's proclamation to the German people: On February 1, 1933, Adolf Hitler made a proclamation to the German people, emphasizing national unity and the need for strong leadership. This speech was part of his campaign to garner public support for his regime. source: britannica.com
02 Feb Hitler dissolves German parliament: On February 2, 1933, Adolf Hitler dissolved the Reichstag, the German parliament, as part of his strategy to consolidate power. This move was a significant step in the establishment of a totalitarian regime in Germany, leading to the eventual enactment of the Enabling Act later that month. source: britannica.com
03 Feb Hitler's expansionist plans revealed to German generals: On February 3, 1933, Adolf Hitler outlined his expansionist plans to German generals, emphasizing the need for Lebensraum (living space) for the German people. This meeting was crucial in shaping the military strategies that would lead to aggressive territorial expansion in Europe. source: britannica.com
04 Feb Hitler's press suppression ordinance: On February 4, 1933, Adolf Hitler enacted a press suppression ordinance that allowed the government to control and censor the media. This ordinance was a critical tool in the Nazis' efforts to eliminate dissent and manipulate public opinion in Germany. source: britannica.com
05 Feb Dutch Navy suppresses naval mutiny with deadly force: On February 5, 1933, the Dutch Navy suppressed a mutiny with deadly force, resulting in casualties among the sailors. This event highlighted the tensions within the military and the government's willingness to use violence to maintain order. source: britannica.com
06 Feb Record low temperature in Oymyakon: On February 6, 1933, Oymyakon, Russia, recorded one of the lowest temperatures ever measured, reaching -67.7°C (-89.9°F). This extreme cold is characteristic of the region, known for its harsh winters. source: britannica.com
07 Feb Colonial violence in Suriname: On February 7, 1933, violent uprisings occurred in Suriname, driven by discontent among the local population against colonial rule. This event highlighted the tensions in colonial societies during this period. source: britannica.com
09 Feb Oxford Union's 'King and Country' Debate: On February 9, 1933, the Oxford Union debating society passed a motion stating, "That this House will in no circumstances fight for its King and country." The motion passed by 275 votes to 153, sparking widespread controversy and debate about patriotism and pacifism. source: en.wikipedia.org
10 Feb First singing telegram: The first singing telegram was delivered on February 10, 1933, by the Western Union company. This innovative service became a popular way to send messages in a unique and entertaining format. source: britannica.com
15 Feb Assassination Attempt on FDR in Miami: On February 15, 1933, President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt survived an assassination attempt in Miami, Florida, when Giuseppe Zangara fired five shots at him. Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak was fatally wounded in the attack. source: history.com
16 Feb U.S. Senate Approves Repeal of 18th Amendment: The U.S. Senate approved the repeal of the 18th Amendment on February 16, 1933, paving the way for the end of Prohibition in the United States. source: history.com
17 Feb Newsweek Magazine Launches First Issue: Newsweek magazine, a prominent American news publication, published its first issue on February 17, 1933, marking its entry into the media landscape. source: history.com
18 Feb Birth of Yoko Ono: Yoko Ono, a Japanese multimedia artist, singer, songwriter, and peace activist, was born on February 18, 1933, in Tokyo, Japan. source: britannica.com
22 Feb Birth of Duchess of Kent: Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, later known as the Duchess of Kent, was born on February 22, 1933. She became a member of the British royal family through her marriage to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent. source: royal.uk
23 Feb Japanese invasion of Rehe Province: On February 23, 1933, Japan invaded Rehe Province in China, furthering its expansionist policies in East Asia. This invasion was part of the broader conflict leading to the Second Sino-Japanese War. source: britannica.com
24 Feb German Communist Party's final public demonstration: The German Communist Party held its last public demonstration on February 24, 1933, shortly before the Nazis consolidated power. This event marked the decline of communist influence in Germany. source: britannica.com
25 Feb USS Ranger aircraft carrier launch: The USS Ranger, the first aircraft carrier built from the keel up for the U.S. Navy, was launched on February 25, 1933. This marked a significant advancement in naval aviation. source: history.navy.mil
26 Feb Marinus van der Lubbe detained: Marinus van der Lubbe, a Dutch communist, was arrested for allegedly setting fire to the Reichstag building in Berlin. His detention marked the beginning of a series of events that would lead to the consolidation of power by the Nazi regime. The fire was used as a pretext to suppress political opposition in Germany. source: britannica.com
27 Feb Reichstag fire: A pivotal moment in Nazi Germany: The Reichstag fire occurred on February 27, 1933, and was a significant event that allowed the Nazis to claim a communist threat. This incident led to the suspension of civil liberties and the arrest of political opponents, facilitating Hitler's rise to absolute power. It is often viewed as a turning point in the establishment of the Nazi dictatorship. source: britannica.com
28 Feb Reichstag fire decree implemented: The Reichstag Fire Decree, enacted on February 28, 1933, allowed the Nazi government to suspend civil liberties and arrest political opponents without warrants. This decree was a crucial step in the Nazis' consolidation of power, enabling them to suppress dissent and establish a totalitarian regime. source: britannica.com
01 Mar US bank holiday crisis of 1933: On March 1, 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared a nationwide bank holiday to prevent a banking collapse during the Great Depression. This emergency measure temporarily closed all banks, allowing the government to stabilize the financial system and restore public confidence in the banking sector. source: britannica.com
02 Mar Franklin D. Roosevelt inaugurated as U.S. president: Franklin D. Roosevelt was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States on March 2, 1933. His presidency began during the Great Depression, and he implemented a series of programs aimed at economic recovery, known as the New Deal. source: britannica.com
03 Mar 1933 Sanriku earthquake and tsunami: On March 3, 1933, a powerful earthquake struck the Sanriku region of Japan, triggering a tsunami that caused widespread devastation. The disaster resulted in significant loss of life and property, highlighting the region's vulnerability to seismic activity. source: britannica.com
04 Mar Franklin D. Roosevelt outlines New Deal in inaugural address: In his inaugural address on March 4, 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced the New Deal, a series of programs aimed at addressing the Great Depression. His speech emphasized the need for government intervention to restore economic stability and public confidence. source: britannica.com
05 Mar Launch of the New Deal: The New Deal, a series of programs and reforms aimed at combating the Great Depression, was officially launched on March 5, 1933. This initiative marked a pivotal moment in U.S. history, as it sought to provide relief, recovery, and reform to the struggling economy. source: britannica.com
06 Mar FDR declares nationwide bank holiday: On March 6, 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared a nationwide bank holiday to prevent bank runs and stabilize the financial system. This action was part of his broader strategy to restore public confidence in the banking sector during the Great Depression. source: britannica.com
07 Mar Dollfuss establishes authoritarian rule in Austria: On March 7, 1933, Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss declared that the National Council had become unworkable and assumed emergency powers, effectively establishing an authoritarian regime. source: britannica.com
10 Mar Execution of Giuseppe Zangara: Giuseppe Zangara was executed on March 10, 1933, for the assassination attempt on President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt. His execution marked a significant moment in American history, reflecting the tensions and political climate of the time. source: history.com
12 Mar FDR's first fireside chat and national address: On March 12, 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt delivered his first fireside chat, addressing the American public about the banking crisis. This innovative communication method helped to reassure citizens and build trust in his administration's efforts to combat the Great Depression. source: archives.gov
13 Mar Great Depression: bank holiday ends: The bank holiday declared by President Roosevelt ended on March 13, 1933, allowing banks to reopen under new regulations. This was a critical step in restoring confidence in the American banking system during the Great Depression. source: archives.gov
14 Mar Devastating Tennessee tornadoes: On March 14, 1933, a series of tornadoes struck Tennessee, causing significant destruction and loss of life. This natural disaster highlighted the vulnerability of communities to severe weather events during that era. source: weather.gov
15 Mar Dow Jones Industrial Average record gain: On March 15, 1933, the Dow Jones Industrial Average recorded a significant gain, reflecting renewed investor confidence following the banking reforms and Roosevelt's policies. This marked a pivotal moment in the stock market's recovery during the Great Depression. source: history.com
16 Mar Hitler appoints Hjalmar Schacht to Reichsbank presidency: On March 16, 1933, Adolf Hitler appointed Hjalmar Schacht as President of the Reichsbank, Germany's central bank. Schacht, a prominent economist, had previously served as Reichsbank president from 1923 to 1930 and was reappointed to stabilize Germany's economy during the early years of Nazi rule. source: britannica.com
17 Mar Hitler appoints Hjalmar Schacht as economic adviser: On March 17, 1933, Adolf Hitler appointed Hjalmar Schacht as his economic adviser. Schacht, a renowned economist, had previously served as President of the Reichsbank and was reappointed to stabilize Germany's economy during the early years of Nazi rule. source: britannica.com
20 Mar Establishment of Dachau concentration camp: Dachau, the first Nazi concentration camp, was established on March 20, 1933, near Munich, Germany. Initially intended to hold political prisoners, it later became a model for other camps and a site of horrific human rights abuses during the Holocaust. source: ushmm.org
21 Mar Day of Potsdam ceremony: The Day of Potsdam ceremony took place on March 21, 1933, marking the opening of the Reichstag and symbolizing the alliance between the German military and the Nazi Party. This event was used to legitimize Hitler's rise to power and consolidate his control over Germany. source: history.com
22 Mar Establishment of Dachau concentration camp: Dachau concentration camp was officially established on March 22, 1933, as the first Nazi camp for political prisoners. It became a central site for the imprisonment and torture of those opposed to the Nazi regime. source: ushmm.org
23 Mar Nazi Germany's Enabling Act passed: On March 23, 1933, the German Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, granting Chancellor Adolf Hitler dictatorial powers. This law allowed Hitler to enact laws without the Reichstag's approval, effectively ending the Weimar Republic's democracy. source: britannica.com
24 Mar Global Jewish response to Nazi persecution: On March 24, 1933, Jewish communities worldwide began organizing responses to the Nazi regime's persecution of Jews in Germany. This included boycotts and protests aimed at raising awareness and mobilizing international support against anti-Semitic policies. source: ushmm.org
27 Mar Farm Credit Administration established: The Farm Credit Administration (FCA) was established to provide credit and financial services to farmers and rural communities. It aimed to stabilize the agricultural economy during the Great Depression by offering loans and support to farmers. source: fca.gov
28 Mar Armstrong Whitworth Argosy fatal crash: On March 28, 1933, an Armstrong Whitworth Argosy aircraft crashed, resulting in multiple fatalities. This incident highlighted the safety concerns surrounding early aviation and led to discussions on improving aircraft regulations. source: britannica.com
29 Mar First Western report on Holodomor famine-genocide: The first Western report on the Holodomor, a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine, was published, highlighting the severe conditions and widespread starvation. This report marked a significant moment in raising awareness about the famine, which resulted in millions of deaths. The Holodomor is recognized as a genocide against the Ukrainian people. source: britannica.com
30 Mar 1933 Sanriku earthquake and tsunami: On March 30, 1933, a powerful earthquake struck the Sanriku region of Japan, triggering a devastating tsunami. The disaster resulted in significant loss of life and destruction of property, highlighting the region's vulnerability to seismic activity. This event is one of the notable natural disasters in Japanese history. source: britannica.com
31 Mar Hitler assumes power in Germany: Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933, but by March 31, he had consolidated power, effectively establishing a totalitarian regime. This marked a pivotal moment in German history, leading to the implementation of policies that would result in World War II and the Holocaust. Hitler's rise to power fundamentally changed the political landscape of Europe. source: britannica.com
01 Apr Heinrich Himmler becomes police commander: On April 1, 1933, Heinrich Himmler was appointed as the commander of the German police. This position allowed him to expand the power of the SS and implement the Nazi regime's policies of repression and terror. Himmler's role was crucial in the establishment of the police state in Nazi Germany. source: britannica.com
02 Apr Wally Hammond's record Test match performance: On April 2, 1933, Wally Hammond achieved a record performance in a Test match, scoring 336 runs against New Zealand. This remarkable feat solidified his reputation as one of cricket's greatest batsmen. Hammond's performance remains one of the highest individual scores in Test cricket history. source: britannica.com
03 Apr First flight over Mount Everest: On April 3, 1933, Squadron Leader Douglas Douglas-Hamilton and Flight Lieutenant David McIntyre piloted two aircraft over Mount Everest, marking the first aerial crossing of the world's highest peak. The expedition, sponsored by Lucy, Lady Houston, aimed to map the region and assist mountaineers. The aircraft, a Houston-Westland and a Westland-Wallace, took off from Lalbalu aerodrome in India, reaching altitudes near 30,000 feet and clearing Everest by approximately 100 feet. The flight lasted three hours, covering a return distance of 320 miles, and provided valuable photographs of the mountain. source: theguardian.com
04 Apr Roosevelt's gold ownership ban: On April 4, 1933, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an executive order that required all individuals to exchange their gold coins, gold bullion, and gold certificates for U.S. dollars. This measure aimed to combat the Great Depression by increasing the money supply and was a significant step in the abandonment of the gold standard. source: federalreservehistory.org
05 Apr Gold confiscation executive order: On April 5, 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed an executive order requiring all individuals to surrender their gold coins, gold bullion, and gold certificates to the Federal Reserve. This action aimed to combat the Great Depression by increasing the money supply and was a significant step in the United States' departure from the gold standard. source: federalreservehistory.org
07 Apr Utah ratifies 21st Amendment: On April 7, 1933, Utah became the 36th state to ratify the 21st Amendment, which repealed Prohibition in the United States. This marked a significant shift in American social policy and the regulation of alcohol. source: archives.gov
08 Apr Herbert von Karajan Joins Nazi Party: On April 8, 1933, renowned conductor Herbert von Karajan became a member of the Nazi Party. His membership was part of a broader trend of artists and intellectuals aligning with the regime during this period. Karajan's affiliation with the party has been a subject of historical scrutiny. source: en.wikipedia.org
10 Apr Anti-monarchist rebellion in Siam: On April 10, 1933, an anti-monarchist rebellion occurred in Siam (now Thailand), reflecting the growing discontent with the monarchy and calls for democratic reforms. This event was part of a larger movement towards modernization in the country. source: britannica.com
13 Apr United Kingdom passes Children and Young Persons Act: The Children and Young Persons Act was passed in the UK on April 13, 1933, aimed at improving the welfare of children and young people. It introduced measures for their protection and care, reflecting a growing awareness of children's rights. source: britannica.com
15 Apr Roy Clark birth: Roy Clark, an American country music singer and television personality, was born on April 15, 1933. He gained fame as a performer and host of the television show 'Hee Haw,' contributing significantly to country music's popularity. source: britannica.com
16 Apr Easter Sunday in 1933: Easter Sunday in 1933 fell on April 16, marking a significant day in the Christian calendar. Celebrations included various religious services and traditions observed by Christians around the world. source: britannica.com
19 Apr 37th Boston Marathon Results: Leslie Pawson of Rhode Island won the 37th Boston Marathon with an impressive time of 2:31:01.6, showcasing his exceptional long-distance running skills.
21 Apr Establishment of the Gestapo: On April 21, 1933, the Gestapo, the secret police of Nazi Germany, was established, marking a significant step in the regime's consolidation of power and suppression of opposition. source: en.wikipedia.org
24 Apr Nazi Germany begins persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses: On April 24, 1933, Nazi authorities raided the headquarters of the Bible Students' Association in Magdeburg, marking the beginning of systematic persecution against Jehovah's Witnesses. This group faced severe discrimination for their refusal to swear allegiance to the state or participate in military service, leading to arrests and imprisonment in concentration camps. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Apr United States and Canada abandon gold standard: On April 25, 1933, the United States and Canada officially abandoned the gold standard, allowing their currencies to be issued without direct conversion to gold. This move aimed to combat the economic challenges of the Great Depression. source: jewishvirtuallibrary.org
26 Apr Establishment of the Gestapo in Nazi Germany: On April 26, 1933, Hermann Göring established the Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolizei; Secret State Police), marking a significant step in the consolidation of Nazi power and the intensification of political repression. source: jewishvirtuallibrary.org
30 Apr Assassination of Peruvian President Luis M. Sanchez Cerro: On April 30, 1933, Peruvian President Luis M. Sanchez Cerro was assassinated. He was a military leader who had taken power in a coup and was known for his authoritarian rule. source: en.wikipedia.org
03 May Birth of Steven Weinberg: Steven Weinberg, an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate, was born on May 3, 1933, in New York City. He is renowned for his contributions to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles. source: en.wikipedia.org
08 May Gandhi's 21-Day Fast for Harijan Movement: On May 8, 1933, Mahatma Gandhi commenced a 21-day fast for self-purification and to promote the Harijan movement, aiming to improve the condition of untouchables in India. He was released from prison on the same day and concluded his fast on May 29. source: gandhi-manibhavan.org
13 May 59th Preakness Stakes Horse Race: The 59th Preakness Stakes was held on May 13, 1933, at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. The race was won by Head Play, ridden by Charley Kurtsinger, with a time of 2:02.00. source: en.wikipedia.org
14 May John Mortimore: English Cricket Player: John Mortimore, an English cricketer, was born on May 14, 1933. He played for Gloucestershire and the England national team during the 1950s and 1960s. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 May Formation of the Luftwaffe: The Luftwaffe, the aerial warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht, was officially established on May 15, 1933, under the leadership of Hermann Göring. source: en.wikipedia.org
18 May Nazino Island Tragedy: In May 1933, approximately 6,700 prisoners were deported to Nazino Island in Siberia to construct a "special settlement." Lacking adequate supplies and shelter, the deportees faced severe hardships, leading to widespread disease, violence, and cannibalism. Within 13 weeks, over 4,000 had died or disappeared. source: en.wikipedia.org
26 May Nazi Eugenic Sterilization Law Enacted: On May 26, 1933, the Nazi regime enacted the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring, initiating a state-sponsored eugenics program that led to the forced sterilization of individuals deemed genetically inferior. source: ushmm.org
27 May Federal Securities Act Signed: On May 27, 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Securities Act of 1933 into law, aiming to provide full and fair disclosure of securities sold in interstate and foreign commerce and to prevent fraud in their sale. source: sec.gov
30 May Patent on invisible glass installation: On May 30, 1933, a patent was granted for an 'invisible glass installation,' marking a significant advancement in optical technology. source: brainyhistory.com
01 Jun Charlie Chaplin marries Paulette Goddard: On June 1, 1933, actor Charlie Chaplin married actress Paulette Goddard, marking his second marriage. source: en.wikipedia.org
03 Jun Pope Pius XI condemns religious persecution in Spain: On June 3, 1933, Pope Pius XI issued the encyclical 'Dilectissima Nobis,' denouncing the Spanish government's expropriation of Church properties and the persecution of religious communities. He called for restitution of expropriated properties and urged Spanish Catholics to defend their rights through legal means. source: en.wikipedia.org
05 Jun United States abandons gold standard: On June 5, 1933, the United States officially abandoned the gold standard, allowing the dollar to float freely and enabling the government to print more money to combat the Great Depression. source: en.wikipedia.org
06 Jun First drive-in movie theater opens in Camden, New Jersey: On June 6, 1933, Richard Hollingshead Jr. opened the world's first drive-in movie theater in Camden, New Jersey. The theater, named the "Automobile Movie Theater," featured a 40-foot by 30-foot screen and could accommodate 400 cars. The opening film was the British comedy "Wives Beware," and admission was 25 cents per car plus 25 cents per person. source: history.com
08 Jun Max Baer defeats Max Schmeling in boxing match: On June 8, 1933, at Yankee Stadium, Max Baer defeated Max Schmeling by technical knockout in the tenth round of a scheduled 15-round bout. Baer dominated the fight, knocking Schmeling down in the tenth round, leading the referee to stop the match. The event drew a crowd of over 60,000 spectators. source: en.wikipedia.org
11 Jun Sightseeing plane crash near Chicago World's Fair kills nine: On June 11, 1933, a sightseeing plane carrying seven passengers and two crew members crashed near the Chicago World's Fair in Glenview, Illinois, resulting in all nine fatalities. The amphibian plane, Northern Light, was attempting a water landing when a wing crumpled, causing it to plunge 600 feet to the ground. source: usdeadlyevents.com
12 Jun World Economic Conference opens in London with 66 nations: The London Economic Conference, also known as the World Economic Conference, began on June 12, 1933, at the Geological Museum in London. Representatives from 66 nations convened to discuss measures to combat the Great Depression, revive international trade, and stabilize currency exchange rates. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 Jun National Industrial Recovery Act passed: The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) was enacted on June 16, 1933, as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal to combat the Great Depression. The act authorized the president to regulate industry for fair wages and prices, aiming to stimulate economic recovery. It also established the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to oversee compliance with the act's provisions. source: britannica.com
17 Jun Union Station Massacre in Kansas City: On June 17, 1933, a shootout occurred at the Union Station in Kansas City, Missouri, resulting in the deaths of four law enforcement officers and one gang member. The incident was part of an attempt by a gang led by Vernon C. "Verne" Miller to free Frank "Jelly" Nash, a federal prisoner. Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd was identified by the FBI as one of the gunmen involved. source: en.wikipedia.org
19 Jun Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss bans Nazi organizations: On June 19, 1933, Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss banned Nazi organizations in Austria, aiming to suppress the growing influence of Nazism within the country. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 Jun Completion of the Belomorkanal (White Sea-Baltic Canal): The Belomorkanal, also known as the White Sea-Baltic Canal, was completed on June 20, 1933. This canal was a significant Soviet project connecting the White Sea to the Baltic Sea, facilitating transportation and trade. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Jun Nazi regime bans Social Democratic Party in Germany: On June 22, 1933, the Nazi government declared the Social Democratic Party (SPD) a "subversive and anti-state organization," effectively banning it. This action led to the arrest, torture, or deportation of many SPD members to concentration camps, while others fled into exile to continue resistance efforts. source: politischeverfolgung.de
23 Jun Nazi Party establishes single-party dictatorship in Germany: On June 23, 1933, the Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, solidified its control over Germany by passing the Enabling Act, which granted the government the authority to enact laws without the Reichstag's approval. This legislation effectively established a dictatorship, allowing the Nazis to suppress political opposition and consolidate power. source: en.wikipedia.org
29 Jun First electronic pari-mutuel betting machine installed at Arlington Park: On June 26, 1933, American Totalisator unveiled its first tote board, the electronic pari-mutuel betting machine, at the Arlington Park race track near Chicago. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Jul Finnish Parliamentary Election Results Announced: Parliamentary elections were held in Finland between July 1 and 3, 1933. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest party in Parliament with 78 of the 200 seats. Despite this, Prime Minister Toivo Mikael Kivimäki of the National Progressive Party continued in office after the elections. source: en.wikipedia.org
09 Jul Frankford Yellow Jackets become Philadelphia Eagles: On July 9, 1933, the NFL granted an expansion franchise to Bert Bell and Lud Wray, who acquired the assets of the defunct Frankford Yellow Jackets. They named the new team the Philadelphia Eagles, marking the city's return to professional football after the Yellow Jackets' dissolution in 1931. source: en.wikipedia.org
14 Jul Nazi eugenics law passed: On July 14, 1933, Nazi Germany enacted the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring, allowing the compulsory sterilization of individuals deemed genetically unfit. This law was part of the regime's broader eugenics program. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 Jul Four-Power Pact Signed in Rome: The Four-Power Pact, also known as the Quadripartite Agreement, was signed on July 15, 1933, in Rome, between the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany, aiming to stabilize European relations. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 Jul Lituanica transatlantic flight tragedy: On July 17, 1933, the Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker aircraft 'Lituanica', piloted by Steponas Darius and Stasys Girėnas, crashed near Soldin, Germany, after a non-stop transatlantic flight from New York to Kaunas, Lithuania. Both aviators perished. source: en.wikipedia.org
18 Jul Edwin H. Land patents polarized lens technology: On July 18, 1933, Edwin H. Land was granted a patent for his invention of polarized lens technology, revolutionizing the eyewear industry by reducing glare and improving visual clarity. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 Jul Vatican-Nazi Germany concordat signed: On July 20, 1933, the Vatican and Nazi Germany signed the Reichskonkordat, an agreement regulating the relationship between the Catholic Church and the German Reich. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Jul Opening of Haifa Harbor in British Mandate Palestine: On July 21, 1933, Haifa Harbor in British Mandate Palestine was officially opened, marking a significant development in the region's maritime infrastructure. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Jul Wiley Post's solo around-the-world flight: On July 22, 1933, American aviator Wiley Post completed the first solo flight around the world, landing at Floyd Bennett Field in New York City after 7 days, 18 hours, and 49 minutes. He covered 15,596 miles, making 11 stops along the way. source: history.com
28 Jul Abolition of Grand Jury in English Law: The Administration of Justice (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1933, enacted on July 28, 1933, abolished grand juries in England and Wales. This reform aimed to streamline the legal process by removing the grand jury system. source: legislation.gov.uk
01 Aug Istanbul University Reopens: Istanbul University reopens with significant changes, including a new faculty composition with 35% of previous staff retained and many new department heads being German-speaking professors, reflecting the modernization efforts of the early Turkish Republic.
03 Aug Castlewood Dam Catastrophic Collapse: On August 3, 1933, the Castlewood Dam in Colorado collapsed after heavy rainfall, releasing a 15-foot wall of water that flooded Denver, causing significant damage and resulting in two fatalities. source: history.denverlibrary.org
08 Aug Meteorite falls in Nebraska: On August 8, 1933, a large meteor exploded over the Nebraska panhandle, creating a fireball visible across the region. The explosion was mistaken for an earthquake by some residents. The meteorite, known as the Sioux County meteorite, is an achondrite (eucrite-mmict) weighing approximately 4.1 kg. It was well-documented, with reports appearing in local newspapers, including the Lincoln Star on August 10, 1933. source: meteorites.asu.edu
11 Aug World Amateur Cycling Championship held in Paris: The 1933 UCI Track Cycling World Championships took place in Paris, France, from August 11 to 15, 1933. The event featured three men's events: men's sprint, men's motor-paced, and men's amateur sprint. The amateur sprint was won by Jacobus van Egmond, Roland Ulrich, and Anker Meyer-Andersen. source: en.wikipedia.org
14 Aug Jimmie Foxx's record-breaking baseball performance: On August 14, 1933, Jimmie Foxx of the Philadelphia Athletics hit for the cycle and drove in nine runs, setting an American League record for RBIs in a single game. source: sabr.org
17 Aug Earl Averill hits for the cycle in Cleveland Indians game: On August 17, 1933, Earl Averill of the Cleveland Indians achieved a rare baseball feat by hitting for the cycle, becoming the second player in the team's history to do so. source: sabr.org
19 Aug 47th US Women's Tennis Championship Final: On August 19, 1933, the 47th US Women's Tennis Championship Final took place at the Forest Hills Tennis Stadium in Queens, New York. In this match, Helen Jacobs defeated Helen Wills Moody with a score of 8–6, 3–6, 3–0, after Wills Moody retired due to a back injury. This victory marked Jacobs' first Grand Slam title. source: en.wikipedia.org
23 Aug Gandhi released after hunger strike: On August 23, 1933, Mahatma Gandhi was released from Yeravda Jail in Pune, India, after a hunger strike protesting the British government's refusal to grant him permission to work against untouchability while in prison. His deteriorating health led to his unconditional release. source: gandhiheritageportal.org
24 Aug Gandhi released from jail: Following his hunger strike, Mahatma Gandhi was released from Yeravda Jail in Pune, India, on August 24, 1933. His health had significantly deteriorated, prompting the British authorities to release him unconditionally. source: gandhiheritageportal.org
25 Aug Air France inaugurates operations: Air France commenced its inaugural operations on August 25, 1933, marking the beginning of its services in the aviation industry. The airline was established to provide domestic and international flights, contributing to the development of air travel in France. source: en.wikipedia.org
27 Aug First Afrikaans Bible introduced at Bloemfontein Bible Festival: On August 27, 1933, the first complete Afrikaans translation of the Bible was ceremonially presented during a significant Bible Festival in Bloemfontein, marking a pivotal moment in linguistic and religious history for South African Afrikaans-speaking communities. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 Aug Roosevelt's Executive Order on gold ownership: On August 28, 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued an executive order requiring U.S. citizens to surrender their gold coins, gold bullion, and gold certificates to the Federal Reserve, aiming to stabilize the economy during the Great Depression. source: archives.gov
29 Aug U.S. government regulates gold production: On August 29, 1933, the U.S. government implemented regulations to control gold production, including the establishment of the Gold Reserve Act, which centralized gold reserves and restricted private gold ownership. source: federalreservehistory.org
30 Aug Establishment of PIDE in Portugal: On August 30, 1933, the Portuguese government established the International and State Defense Police (PIDE), a secret police force responsible for internal security and political surveillance during the Estado Novo regime. source: en.wikipedia.org
31 Aug Einstein's perception of Nazi Germany influenced by murder: On August 31, 1933, Albert Einstein's perception of Nazi Germany was profoundly affected by the murder of his friend, leading him to emigrate to the United States to escape the escalating political climate. source: en.wikipedia.org
02 Sep Italy and Soviet Union Sign Non-Aggression Treaty: On September 2, 1933, Italy and the Soviet Union signed the Pact of Friendship, Neutrality, and Non-Aggression, also known as the Italo-Soviet Pact. This agreement aimed to ensure security in the Balkans and lasted until June 22, 1941. source: en.wikipedia.org
03 Sep Birth of Freddie King: Freddie King, a legendary American blues musician, was born. He would later become an influential figure in the development of blues and rock music, known for his powerful guitar playing and emotional performances.
08 Sep King Faisal I of Iraq Dies in Switzerland: King Faisal I of Iraq died on September 8, 1933, in Switzerland.
12 Sep Alejandro Lerroux forms Spanish government: On September 12, 1933, Alejandro Lerroux, leader of the Radical Republican Party, was appointed Prime Minister of Spain by President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora. Lerroux formed a coalition government that included members from his party and other republican factions. His tenure was marked by political instability, leading to his resignation on October 9, 1933. source: britannica.com
17 Sep Birth of Charles Grassley: Charles Ernest Grassley, an American politician, was born on September 17, 1933, in New Hartford, Iowa. source: grassley.senate.gov
18 Sep Tennessee Valley Authority established: The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was established on September 18, 1933, as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley.
21 Sep Mysterious disappearance of Mabel Smith Douglass: Mabel Smith Douglass, the first dean of the New Jersey College for Women, disappeared on September 21, 1933, while rowing alone on Lake Placid. Her boat was found capsized, but extensive searches failed to locate her. In 1963, her remarkably preserved remains were discovered by scuba divers at a depth of about 95 feet in the lake. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Sep Establishment of Nazi Cultural Control Mechanism: On September 22, 1933, the Reich Chamber of Culture (Reichskulturkammer) was established in Nazi Germany. This government agency, led by Joseph Goebbels, aimed to coordinate and control all cultural and artistic activities, ensuring they aligned with Nazi ideology. It comprised various sub-chambers, including the Reich Chamber of Music, Reich Chamber of Film, and others, each overseeing specific cultural sectors. source: en.wikipedia.org
23 Sep Groundbreaking of Germany's Autobahn System: The construction of Germany's Autobahn system began in the early 1930s, with the first stretch opened in 1932. By September 1933, the network was expanding rapidly, becoming a symbol of Nazi infrastructure projects. The Autobahnen were promoted as a means to reduce unemployment and showcase the regime's engineering prowess. source: encyclopedia.ushmm.org
25 Sep Birth of Ian Tyson: Ian Tyson, a Canadian folk musician known for his contributions to the folk and country music genres, was born on September 25, 1933. He gained fame for his songs that reflect the Canadian landscape and culture, particularly through his work with the duo Ian & Sylvia. source: bbc.com
26 Sep Machine Gun Kelly surrenders to FBI: On September 26, 1933, gangster George "Machine Gun" Kelly was captured in Memphis, Tennessee, along with his wife and two associates. During the arrest, Kelly reportedly shouted "Don't shoot, G-Men!"—a term that became synonymous with FBI agents. He was later convicted for the kidnapping of Charles Urschel and sentenced to life imprisonment. source: fbi.gov
01 Oct Antwerp Sports Arena inaugurated: The Antwerp Sports Arena, a significant venue for various sporting events, was inaugurated on October 1, 1933. This facility has played a crucial role in promoting sports and hosting major events in Belgium. source: sport.be
02 Oct Birth of John Bertrand Gurdon: John Bertrand Gurdon, a British developmental biologist renowned for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation and cloning, was born on October 2, 1933, in Dippenhall, Hampshire, England. source: britannica.com
04 Oct Nazi Government Passes Discriminatory Editors Law: On October 4, 1933, the Nazi government enacted the Editors Law (Schriftleitergesetz), which required editors to be of "Aryan" descent and excluded Jews and those married to Jews from the profession. This law was part of the regime's broader efforts to control the press and suppress dissenting voices. source: encyclopedia.ushmm.org
08 Oct Coit Tower dedication in San Francisco: Coit Tower, a 210-foot Art Deco structure in San Francisco's Pioneer Park, was dedicated on October 8, 1933. Designed by architects Arthur Brown Jr. and Henry Temple Howard, the tower was funded by Lillie Hitchcock Coit's bequest to beautify the city. It features murals painted by 25 artists as part of the Public Works of Art Project. source: ohp.parks.ca.gov
13 Oct British Interplanetary Society founded: The British Interplanetary Society (BIS) was established in Liverpool by Philip E. Cleator. It is the world's oldest existing space advocacy organization, dedicated to promoting astronautics and space exploration. source: en.wikipedia.org
14 Oct Germany withdraws from League of Nations and World Disarmament Conference: On October 14, 1933, Germany announced its withdrawal from the League of Nations and the World Disarmament Conference, citing the refusal of other nations to grant military parity. This decision was followed by a decree dissolving the Reichstag and calling for new parliamentary elections on November 12, 1933. source: upi.com
26 Oct Formation of Albert Sarraut's Government in France: Albert Sarraut was appointed Prime Minister of France on October 26, 1933, leading a government that lasted until November 26, 1933. His cabinet included key figures such as Albert Dalimier as Vice President of the Council and Minister of Justice, Joseph Paul-Boncour as Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Édouard Daladier as Minister of War. source: en.wikipedia.org
04 Nov Young Park naming in the Bronx: Young Park in the Bronx was officially named on November 4, 1933. This park has since served as a community space for recreation and events, contributing to the local culture. source: nyc.gov
05 Nov Chicago Bears' unbeaten streak ends: The Chicago Bears' unbeaten streak came to an end on November 5, 1933, marking a significant moment in NFL history. This event highlighted the competitive nature of the league during that era. source: nfl.com
07 Nov First US-Saudi Arabia treaty: The first treaty between the United States and Saudi Arabia was signed on November 7, 1933. This agreement laid the groundwork for future diplomatic and economic relations between the two nations. source: state.gov
11 Nov Dust Bowl devastates South Dakota farmlands: On November 11, 1933, a severe dust storm struck South Dakota, stripping topsoil from drought-stricken farmlands. The storm, part of a series of dust storms that year, caused significant agricultural damage and marked a pivotal moment in the Dust Bowl era. source: sdstate.edu
12 Nov Nazi Germany withdraws from League of Nations: On November 12, 1933, Nazi Germany formally withdrew from the League of Nations, signaling its intent to pursue policies independent of international oversight. This move was part of Germany's broader strategy to reassert its power and challenge the post-World War I international order. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 Nov Getulio Vargas names himself Dictator of Brazil: On November 16, 1933, Brazilian President Getulio Vargas declared himself dictator, consolidating power amid political instability. This move followed a period of political turmoil and was part of Vargas's efforts to implement his vision for Brazil's modernization. source: britannica.com
17 Nov United States recognizes the Soviet Union: On November 17, 1933, the United States formally recognized the Soviet Union, following the establishment of diplomatic relations the previous day. This recognition was a pivotal moment in U.S.-Soviet relations, allowing for trade and diplomatic engagement. source: history.state.gov
18 Nov Japanese Army battles Korean nationalists in Manchuria: On November 18, 1933, the Japanese Army engaged in conflict with Korean nationalists in Manchuria. This confrontation was part of the broader struggle for Korean independence and resistance against Japanese imperialism. source: britannica.com
19 Nov Spanish Second Republic General Elections of 1933: On November 19, 1933, general elections were held in Spain under the Second Republic. These elections were significant as they led to the rise of conservative forces and set the stage for political tensions in the country. source: britannica.com
20 Nov Fukien Rebellion against Nationalist Government: On November 20, 1933, the Fukien Rebellion erupted against the Nationalist government in China. This uprising was part of the ongoing struggle between various factions in China during a period of political instability. source: britannica.com
29 Nov Pennsylvania authorizes state liquor stores: On November 29, 1933, Pennsylvania established the Liquor Control Board, authorizing state-operated stores for the sale of alcoholic beverages, marking the end of Prohibition in the state. source: pa.gov
02 Dec Release of 'Dancing Lady' Film: The musical film 'Dancing Lady,' starring Joan Crawford and Clark Gable, was released in the United States on December 2, 1933. The film features the screen debut of Fred Astaire and includes performances by the Three Stooges. source: imdb.com
06 Dec Ulysses ruled not obscene: On December 6, 1933, U.S. District Judge John M. Woolsey ruled that James Joyce's novel 'Ulysses' was not obscene, overturning a 12-year ban on its importation into the United States. This landmark decision affirmed the novel's literary merit and paved the way for its publication in the U.S. source: history.com
12 Dec Ace Bailey severely injured by Eddie Shore in Boston Garden: On December 12, 1933, during a game between the Toronto Maple Leafs and the Boston Bruins, Bruins defenseman Eddie Shore hit Maple Leafs forward Ace Bailey from behind. Bailey fell, fracturing his skull upon hitting the ice, and was knocked unconscious. The incident led to Bailey's career-ending injury and a 16-game suspension for Shore. source: nhl.com
13 Dec William H. Woodin resigns as U.S. Treasury Secretary: On December 13, 1933, William H. Woodin resigned as the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. He had been appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in March 1933 and served during the early years of the New Deal. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 Dec 21st Amendment repeals Prohibition in the U.S.: On December 15, 1933, the 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, repealing the 18th Amendment and ending Prohibition. This allowed the legal production and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 Dec Lala Amarnath's historic Test cricket debut: On December 17, 1933, Lala Amarnath became the first Indian to score a Test century, achieving 118 runs against England in Mumbai. This milestone occurred during India's second-ever Test match. source: news18.com
21 Dec Shirley Temple signs with 20th Century Fox: On December 21, 1933, at age 5, Shirley Temple signed a one-year contract with Fox Film Corporation, earning $150 per week, with a seven-year option. Her mother was also hired as her hairdresser and personal coach. source: newsweek.com
25 Dec Death of Francesc Macià, Catalan Political Leader: Francesc Macià, the President of the Generalitat of Catalonia, died on December 25, 1933, in Barcelona. He was a prominent figure in Catalan politics and had served as president since 1931. source: en.wikipedia.org
29 Dec Holodomor famine in Ukraine: The Holodomor was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933, resulting in the deaths of millions of Ukrainians. The famine was a direct consequence of Stalin's policies, including forced collectivization and grain requisition quotas. source: britannica.com

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