Major Events of 1986: Key Historical Moments You Need to Know

Every year brings its own set of pivotal moments that leave a lasting mark on history. From political shifts and technological advancements to cultural breakthroughs, these events shape the world and influence the future. In this comprehensive overview, we'll explore the most significant occurrences from 1986, highlighting key moments that continue to impact our lives today.

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Major Events of 1986 - Historical Moments That Defined the Year | TakeMeBack.to

01 Jan Spain and Portugal join the European Community: On January 1, 1986, Spain and Portugal officially became members of the European Community, marking a significant expansion of the organization. This accession was part of a broader effort to integrate Southern European countries into the European framework following the end of authoritarian regimes in both nations. Their membership facilitated economic growth and political stability in the region. source: ec.europa.eu
02 Jan Mike Bossy becomes fastest to 500 NHL goals: On January 2, 1986, Mike Bossy scored his 500th career goal in his 647th game, leading the New York Islanders to a 7–5 victory over the Boston Bruins. This achievement made him the fastest player to reach 500 goals at that time. source: psacard.com
04 Jan Phil Lynott's death from pneumonia and heart failure: Phil Lynott, the lead vocalist and bassist of Thin Lizzy, died on January 4, 1986, at the age of 36. He had been battling drug and alcohol addiction, leading to his collapse on December 25, 1985. After being admitted to Salisbury Infirmary, he was diagnosed with septicaemia, pneumonia, and heart failure. Despite regaining consciousness briefly, his condition worsened, and he passed away in the hospital's intensive care unit. source: news.bbc.co.uk
05 Jan Deepika Padukone born in Copenhagen, Denmark: Deepika Padukone, an Indian actress and model, was born on January 5, 1986, in Copenhagen, Denmark. She is the daughter of former badminton champion Prakash Padukone and Ujjala Padukone. Raised in Bangalore, India, she initially pursued a career in badminton before transitioning to modeling and acting. source: britannica.com
06 Jan Impala Platinum dismisses 20,000 black miners in Johannesburg: On January 6, 1986, Impala Platinum dismissed 20,000 black miners from its four-shaft mines near Johannesburg after they went on strike demanding improved wages, shorter hours, and recognition of their union. The company cited the miners' breach of contract and halted production at three of the four mines. The National Union of Mineworkers condemned the dismissals and warned of potential strategic actions to reinstate the workers. source: washingtonpost.com
07 Jan US imposes economic sanctions on Libya in response to terrorist attacks: On January 7, 1986, the United States imposed economic sanctions on Libya following its involvement in terrorist attacks at Rome and Vienna airports in December 1985. These sanctions included a total ban on direct import and export trade, commercial contracts, and travel-related activities, as well as the freezing of Libyan government assets in the U.S. source: reaganlibrary.gov
08 Jan US freezes Libyan assets in response to terrorism support: On January 8, 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed an executive order freezing Libyan government assets in the United States, including those of its agencies and controlled entities. This action was taken as a precaution against potential Libyan seizure of U.S. assets and in response to Libya's alleged support for terrorism, particularly following the December 1985 airport attacks in Rome and Vienna that resulted in 19 deaths, including five Americans. source: washingtonpost.com
09 Jan Michael Heseltine resigns as British Defense Secretary over Westland affair: On January 9, 1986, Michael Heseltine resigned from his position as British Defense Secretary following a dispute with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher over the future of Westland Helicopters. Heseltine advocated for a European consortium to rescue the company, while Thatcher supported an American bid. The disagreement led to Heseltine's resignation, marking a significant political crisis for Thatcher's government. source: news.bbc.co.uk
10 Jan Palau signs Compact of Free Association with United States: On January 10, 1986, Palau and the United States signed the Compact of Free Association, establishing a political relationship that provided Palau with self-governance while allowing the U.S. military access to its territory. The Compact was approved by the Palauan people in a plebiscite on February 21, 1986, and by the U.S. Congress on November 14, 1986. source: reaganlibrary.gov
11 Jan Gateway Bridge opens in Brisbane: The Gateway Bridge, spanning the Brisbane River in Queensland, Australia, was officially opened on January 11, 1986. Approximately 200,000 people participated in the opening festivities, walking across the bridge before it was opened to vehicular traffic the following day. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Jan Space Shuttle Columbia STS-61-C launches with first Hispanic-American astronaut: On January 12, 1986, the Space Shuttle Columbia launched on mission STS-61-C, marking a significant milestone as it included the first Hispanic-American astronaut, Dr. Franklin Chang-Díaz. The mission aimed to deploy satellites and conduct scientific experiments in space. This historic flight contributed to the representation of Hispanic-Americans in the field of space exploration. source: nasa.gov
13 Jan South Yemen Civil War begins with violent struggle between factions: On January 13, 1986, a violent struggle erupted in Aden, South Yemen, between supporters of President Ali Nasir Muhammad and those of former President Abdul Fattah Ismail. This conflict, known as the South Yemen Civil War, lasted over a month, resulting in thousands of casualties, the ousting of Ali Nasir Muhammad, and the presumed death of Ismail. Approximately 60,000 people, including the deposed president, fled to North Yemen. source: washingtonpost.com
14 Jan Vinicio Cerezo inaugurated as Guatemala's first civilian president in 14 years: On January 14, 1986, Vinicio Cerezo, candidate of the Christian Democracy Party, was inaugurated as Guatemala's first civilian president in 14 years, marking the end of military rule. His administration prioritized ending political violence and establishing the rule of law, implementing reforms such as new laws of habeas corpus and amparo, creating a legislative human rights committee, and establishing the Office of Human Rights Ombudsman in 1987. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 Jan Patrick Roy records first NHL shutout in 4-0 win over Winnipeg Jets: On January 15, 1986, rookie goaltender Patrick Roy achieved his first NHL shutout, leading the Montreal Canadiens to a 4-0 victory against the Winnipeg Jets. Roy made 19 saves in the game, and Stéphane Richer contributed two goals to the win. source: nhltraderumor.com
16 Jan First Internet Engineering Task Force Meeting: The inaugural Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) meeting was held on January 16, 1986, in San Diego, California, with 21 U.S.-government-funded researchers in attendance. This meeting marked the continuation of the work of the earlier Gateway Algorithms and Data Structures (GADS) Task Force. Initially, the IETF met quarterly, but from 1991, it has been meeting three times a year. The initial meetings were very small, with fewer than 35 people in attendance at each of the first five meetings. The maximum attendance during the first 13 meetings was only 120 attendees. This occurred at the twelfth meeting, held during January 1989. These meetings have grown in both participation and scope a great deal since the early 1990s; it had a maximum attendance of 2810 at the December 2000 IETF held in San Diego, California. Attendance declined with industry restructuring during the early 2000s, and is currently around 1200. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 Jan Reagan authorizes covert arms sales to Iran: On January 17, 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed a secret intelligence finding authorizing the sale of weapons and spare parts to Iran. This directive aimed to establish a more moderate government in Iran, obtain significant intelligence, and further the release of American hostages held in Beirut. The operation was conducted covertly, with the National Security Council facilitating the sales through intermediaries to avoid direct U.S. involvement. source: britannica.com
18 Jan Douglas Wilder becomes first Black Lieutenant Governor since Reconstruction: On January 18, 1986, L. Douglas Wilder was sworn in as the 35th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, becoming the first African American to hold statewide office in the state. Prior to this, he served as a state senator from 1969 to 1985, marking a significant milestone in Virginia's political history. source: virginiahistory.org
19 Jan Israeli Premier's diplomatic visit: On January 19, 1986, the Israeli Premier undertook a diplomatic visit aimed at strengthening international relations. This visit was part of ongoing efforts to engage with other nations and address regional issues. The outcomes of such visits often influence foreign policy. source: bbc.com
20 Jan First federal observance of Martin Luther King Jr. Day: On January 20, 1986, the United States observed its first federal holiday honoring Martin Luther King Jr., following the signing of legislation by President Ronald Reagan in 1983. The day featured various commemorations across the nation, including marches, church services, and concerts. In Atlanta, significant celebrations took place, such as a parade attended by civil rights leaders and King's family, and a wreath-laying ceremony at King's tomb by Vice President George H.W. Bush and Coretta Scott King. source: presidency.ucsb.edu
21 Jan Car bomb kills 27 in East Beirut: On January 21, 1986, a car bomb exploded in a Christian neighborhood of East Beirut, killing at least 27 people and wounding over 100. The blast, which occurred near an office of President Amin Gemayel's Phalangist Party, destroyed a seven-story office building and set numerous cars ablaze. The attack was the first car bombing in Lebanon that year, and no group claimed responsibility. source: washingtonpost.com
23 Jan Space Shuttle Columbia returns to Kennedy Space Center: After completing the STS-61C mission, Space Shuttle Columbia returned to Kennedy Space Center on January 23, 1986. The mission, launched on January 12, 1986, was the 24th of NASA's Space Shuttle program and the seventh for Columbia. The primary objective was to deploy the SATCOM KU-1 communications satellite. Due to weather delays, the landing was initially scheduled for January 17 but was postponed until January 18 at Edwards Air Force Base in California. Following the mission, Columbia was transported back to Kennedy Space Center on January 23, 1986. source: nasa.gov
24 Jan Voyager 2 completes historic Uranus flyby: On January 24, 1986, NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft made its closest approach to Uranus, coming within 81,500 kilometers (50,600 miles) of the planet's cloud tops. This flyby provided unprecedented data, revealing a complex system of rings, ten previously unknown moons, and an unusual magnetic field. The mission significantly expanded our understanding of the seventh planet from the Sun. source: science.nasa.gov
25 Jan Death of New Zealand cricketer Horace Dennis Smith: Horace Dennis Smith, a New Zealand cricketer who played in one Test match in 1933, died in Christchurch, New Zealand, on January 25, 1986, at the age of 73. source: espncricinfo.com
26 Jan Halley's Comet visible from Earth in 1986: Halley's Comet made its closest approach to Earth on January 26, 1986, during its 76-year orbit. This event allowed millions of people worldwide to observe the comet, which is one of the most famous comets due to its visibility from Earth. The 1986 appearance was particularly significant as it was the first time it was observed with modern scientific instruments. source: nasa.gov
27 Jan Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on January 27, 1986: The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster took place on January 27, 1986, when the shuttle broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of all seven crew members. The disaster was attributed to the failure of an O-ring seal in its right solid rocket booster, which was exacerbated by the cold weather on the day of the launch. This tragic event had a profound impact on NASA and led to significant changes in safety protocols. source: nasa.gov
28 Jan Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on January 28, 1986: The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster took place on January 28, 1986, when the shuttle broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of all seven crew members. The incident was attributed to the failure of O-rings in cold weather, which allowed hot gases to escape and ultimately caused the explosion. This tragedy had a profound impact on NASA and led to significant changes in safety protocols. source: nasa.gov
29 Jan Museveni becomes president of Uganda after a successful coup: Yoweri Museveni assumed the presidency of Uganda on January 29, 1986, following a successful military campaign that ousted the previous government. His rise to power marked the beginning of a long tenure, during which he implemented various political and economic reforms. Museveni's leadership has been characterized by both significant development and ongoing controversies regarding governance and human rights. source: bbc.com
31 Jan 1986 Ohio earthquake: On January 31, 1986, a magnitude 5.0 earthquake struck near Painesville, Ohio, approximately 40 km east of Cleveland. The tremor was felt across 11 states and parts of Canada, causing intensity VI-VII at distances of 15 km. The earthquake generated relatively high accelerations (0.18 g) at the Perry Nuclear Power Plant, located about 17 km south of the epicenter. Thirteen aftershocks were detected in the following weeks, with magnitudes ranging from 0.5 to 2.5. source: usgs.gov
01 Feb Violent anti-government protests erupt in Haiti's provincial cities: On February 1, 1986, violent anti-government protests erupted in at least seven Haitian towns, including Gonaïves, Jérémie, and other provincial cities. Demonstrators burned tires and paraded symbolic coffins of President Jean-Claude Duvalier and his wife, marking the most widespread unrest of his regime. The government reported the deaths of five people in a raid on a warehouse of the U.S. aid group CARE in Cap Haitien, bringing the toll in disturbances since Sunday to eight. source: upi.com
02 Feb Dalai Lama meets Pope John Paul II in New Delhi: On February 2, 1986, during Pope John Paul II's visit to India, he met with the exiled Dalai Lama in New Delhi. The 20-minute private meeting took place at the Apostolic Nunciature, where the Dalai Lama presented the Pope with a traditional white silk scarf as a symbol of goodwill. Following their meeting, Pope John Paul II emphasized the need for all religions to collaborate in the cause of humanity. source: washingtonpost.com
03 Feb Challenger accident investigation committee formed: On February 3, 1986, the U.S. government established the Rogers Commission to investigate the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, which occurred on January 28, 1986. The committee, led by former Secretary of State William P. Rogers, aimed to determine the causes of the accident and recommend measures to prevent future tragedies. The investigation revealed critical flaws in NASA's decision-making processes and engineering practices. source: nasa.gov
04 Feb Reagan delivers 1986 State of the Union Address: On February 4, 1986, President Ronald Reagan delivered his State of the Union Address to Congress. In this address, he highlighted his administration's economic policies, foreign relations, and the importance of national defense. Reagan's speech emphasized optimism about the American economy and the need for continued support for anti-communist efforts abroad. source: archives.gov
06 Feb Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident established: On February 6, 1986, President Ronald Reagan established the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, chaired by former Secretary of State William P. Rogers. The commission was tasked with investigating the causes of the Challenger disaster, which occurred on January 28, 1986, resulting in the loss of all seven crew members aboard. The commission's final report, released on June 6, 1986, identified the failure of the O-rings in the right solid rocket booster as the primary cause of the accident and recommended significant changes to NASA's safety protocols and organizational structure. source: nasa.gov
07 Feb 1986 Philippine presidential election marred by widespread fraud and controversy: The Philippine presidential election held on February 7, 1986, was marked by significant allegations of electoral fraud, violence, and voter intimidation. Opposition candidate Corazon Aquino contested the official results, leading to mass protests and the eventual People Power Revolution that ousted President Ferdinand Marcos. source: latimes.com
08 Feb Hinton train collision: On February 8, 1986, a Canadian National Railway freight train collided head-on with a Via Rail passenger train named the Super Continental near Hinton, Alberta, Canada. The collision resulted in 23 fatalities, including the crews of both trains, and was the deadliest rail disaster in Canada at that time. A subsequent public inquiry identified serious flaws in Canadian National Railway's safety practices and labor culture. source: en.wikipedia.org
09 Feb Halley's Comet reaches its 30th perihelion: Halley's Comet, one of the most famous comets, reached its 30th perihelion on February 9, 1986. This event marked its closest approach to the Sun, allowing for significant scientific observations and public interest. The comet is visible from Earth approximately every 76 years, and its 1986 appearance was particularly notable due to the advancements in space observation technology. source: nasa.gov
10 Feb Maxi Trial against Sicilian Mafia begins in Palermo: On February 10, 1986, the Maxi Trial commenced in Palermo, Sicily, targeting 475 alleged members of the Sicilian Mafia. The trial, held in a specially constructed bunker courtroom adjacent to the Ucciardone prison, was the largest in Italian history, involving charges such as murder, drug trafficking, and extortion. The proceedings were secured by a 2,000-man force and attracted global media attention. source: upi.com
11 Feb Anatoly Shcharansky released from Soviet imprisonment: Anatoly Shcharansky, a Soviet dissident and human rights activist, was released from Soviet custody on February 11, 1986, as part of a prisoner exchange. He had been imprisoned for nine years on charges of treason and espionage. Following his release, Shcharansky emigrated to Israel, where he continued his advocacy for human rights and Jewish emigration from the Soviet Union. source: britannica.com
12 Feb Pixar Animation Studios founded on February 12, 1986: Pixar Animation Studios was founded on February 12, 1986, originally as a division of Lucasfilm. It became an independent company in 1986 after being purchased by Steve Jobs. Pixar is renowned for its innovative computer-generated animation and has produced numerous critically acclaimed films. source: britannica.com
13 Feb Single European Act signed to enhance European integration: The Single European Act was signed on February 13, 1986, in Luxembourg and The Hague. It aimed to create a single internal market within the European Community by 1992, facilitating the free movement of goods, services, people, and capital. This act marked a significant step towards deeper European integration and laid the groundwork for the Maastricht Treaty. source: europarl.europa.eu
14 Feb 36th Berlin International Film Festival: The 36th Berlin International Film Festival was held from February 14 to 25, 1986, in West Berlin, Germany. The festival opened with Federico Fellini's 'Ginger and Fred' and awarded the Golden Bear to Reinhard Hauff's 'Stammheim.' The retrospective honored German actress Henny Porten and American director Fred Zinnemann, while Claude Lanzmann's nine-hour documentary 'Shoah' was screened at the Young Filmmakers Forum. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 Feb Ferdinand Marcos proclaimed winner of disputed Philippine presidential election: On February 15, 1986, the Marcos-controlled National Assembly declared Ferdinand Marcos the winner of the Philippine presidential election, despite widespread allegations of fraud and irregularities. Opposition candidate Corazon Aquino contested the results, leading to mass protests and the eventual People Power Revolution that ousted Marcos from power. source: cia.gov
16 Feb Mário Soares elected as Portugal's first civilian president: On February 16, 1986, Mário Soares, leader of the Socialist Party, was elected as Portugal's first civilian president in 60 years, defeating conservative candidate Diogo Freitas do Amaral in a runoff election. Soares' victory marked a significant milestone in Portugal's post-revolutionary history, ending decades of military influence in the presidency. source: washingtonpost.com
17 Feb People Power Revolution in the Philippines begins: The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution, began on February 17, 1986, in the Philippines. It was a series of peaceful demonstrations against the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos, culminating in his ousting. The movement was characterized by mass gatherings, nonviolent protests, and significant public support, leading to a restoration of democracy in the country. source: britannica.com
18 Feb Alvin Robertson records quadruple-double against Phoenix Suns: On February 18, 1986, San Antonio Spurs guard Alvin Robertson achieved a quadruple-double with 20 points, 11 rebounds, 10 assists, and 10 steals in a 120-114 victory over the Phoenix Suns. This made him the second player in NBA history to record a quadruple-double, following Nate Thurmond's achievement in 1974. Robertson's performance remains unique as the only quadruple-double achieved with steals as the fourth category. source: latimes.com
19 Feb Soviet Union launches Mir space station: On February 19, 1986, the Soviet Union launched the first module of the Mir space station, marking a significant advancement in their space program. The core module, launched atop a Proton rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, provided living accommodations, life support, command and control, and communications systems. This event was reported by the BBC on February 20, 1986. source: news.bbc.co.uk
20 Feb Soviet Union launches Mir space station: On February 20, 1986, the Soviet Union launched the core module of the Mir space station, marking a significant advancement in their space exploration efforts. The Mir station, which means 'peace' in Russian, was designed to be a permanently manned complex orbiting Earth, featuring six docking ports for future expansion. The first crew arrived on March 13, 1986, aboard Soyuz T, and over the next decade, five additional modules were added to enhance its capabilities. source: britannica.com
21 Feb The Legend of Zelda released in Japan on Famicom Disk System: The Legend of Zelda, developed by Nintendo, was released in Japan on February 21, 1986, for the Famicom Disk System. This marked the beginning of the iconic action-adventure series, introducing players to the fantasy world of Hyrule. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Feb People Power Revolution in the Philippines: The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution, was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines from February 22 to 25, 1986. These nonviolent protests led to the ousting of President Ferdinand Marcos and the restoration of democracy in the country. source: en.wikipedia.org
23 Feb People Power Revolution: A Pivotal Day in Philippine History: On February 23, 1986, the People Power Revolution in the Philippines reached a critical juncture. Tens of thousands of civilians gathered along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) to form human barricades, effectively preventing government forces loyal to President Ferdinand Marcos from advancing toward the rebel camps of Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and General Fidel V. Ramos. This mass mobilization marked a significant turning point, as the military's ability to suppress the uprising was severely hindered by the overwhelming civilian presence. The events of this day set the stage for the eventual downfall of the Marcos regime and the restoration of democracy in the Philippines. source: en.wikipedia.org
24 Feb Key events of the EDSA People Power Revolution on February 24, 1986: On February 24, 1986, significant developments occurred during the EDSA People Power Revolution in the Philippines. In the early morning, the 'Sotelo landing' took place, where helicopters from the Philippine Air Force, led by Colonel Antonio Sotelo, defected and landed at Camp Crame, bolstering the morale of the opposition forces. Later that day, rebels captured government-owned television station MBS-4, restoring its broadcast and symbolizing a shift in media control. Additionally, in the afternoon, helicopters from the 15th Strike Wing attacked Villamor Airbase, disabling presidential air assets without casualties, further weakening the Marcos regime's military capabilities. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Feb EDSA People Power Revolution culminates in Corazon Aquino's inauguration as President: On February 25, 1986, the EDSA People Power Revolution concluded with Corazon Aquino's inauguration as the 11th President of the Philippines, marking the end of Ferdinand Marcos's 20-year rule and the restoration of democracy in the country. source: en.wikipedia.org
26 Feb People Power Revolution in the Philippines: The People Power Revolution, also known as the EDSA Revolution, took place in the Philippines from February 22 to 25, 1986. It was a non-violent uprising that led to the ousting of President Ferdinand Marcos and restored democracy in the country. Millions of Filipinos participated in peaceful demonstrations, marking a significant moment in Philippine history. source: britannica.com
27 Feb US Senate votes to allow televised coverage of proceedings: On February 27, 1986, the US Senate voted 67-21 to permit a trial period of televised and radio coverage of its proceedings, marking a significant shift toward transparency. The trial was set to begin on June 1, 1986, with a review scheduled for July 29, 1986, to determine whether to make the coverage permanent. source: washingtonpost.com
28 Feb Assassination of Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme: On February 28, 1986, Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme was assassinated in Stockholm while walking home from a cinema with his wife, Lisbeth. He was fatally shot in the back at close range on Sveavägen street; Lisbeth was slightly wounded by a second shot. The case remained unsolved for decades, with various theories and suspects, including Christer Pettersson and Stig Engström. In 2020, Swedish prosecutors named Engström as the main suspect but closed the case due to his death in 2000. source: bbc.com
02 Mar Jari Kurri's overtime goal leads Oilers to 2-1 victory over Flyers: On March 2, 1986, Jari Kurri scored his second goal of the game 1:29 into overtime, leading the Edmonton Oilers to a 2-1 victory over the Philadelphia Flyers. The game was tied 1-1 after regulation, with Kurri's first goal in the second period and the Flyers' equalizer by Tim Kerr. The win gave the Oilers an eight-point lead over the Flyers in the overall league standings. source: washingtonpost.com
03 Mar Australia Act 1986 grants Australia full legal independence from the United Kingdom: On March 3, 1986, the Australia Act 1986 came into effect, marking Australia's full legal independence from the United Kingdom. This legislation severed all remaining constitutional ties, including the ability to appeal Australian court decisions to the British Privy Council, and affirmed Australia's status as a sovereign nation. source: Wikipedia (day-month pages)
04 Mar Soviet space mission captures first images of Halley's Comet: On March 4, 1986, the Soviet spacecraft Vega 1 successfully captured the first images of Halley's Comet during its flyby. This historic event provided valuable data about the comet's structure and composition, enhancing our understanding of these celestial bodies. Vega 1 was part of a dual mission that included Vega 2, both of which contributed significantly to cometary science. source: nasa.gov
05 Mar Death of West Indian cricketer Teddy Hoad: Edward Lisle Goldsworthy Hoad, known as Teddy Hoad, was a Barbadian cricketer who captained the West Indies in their first home Test match in 1930. He passed away on March 5, 1986, in Bridgetown, Barbados, at the age of 90. source: en.wikipedia.org
06 Mar USSR's Vega 1 spacecraft encounters Halley's Comet: On March 6, 1986, the Soviet spacecraft Vega 1 made a historic encounter with Halley's Comet, providing valuable data and images of the comet's nucleus and atmosphere. This mission was part of a dual spacecraft effort, with Vega 2 following shortly after, enhancing our understanding of cometary science. The data collected contributed significantly to the field of astronomy and our knowledge of comets. source: nasa.gov
07 Mar Challenger Space Shuttle disaster crew cabin recovery: On March 7, 1986, the crew cabin of the Space Shuttle Challenger was recovered from the ocean floor. This recovery was part of the investigation into the tragic disaster that occurred on January 28, 1986, when the shuttle broke apart shortly after launch, resulting in the loss of all seven crew members. The recovery efforts aimed to gather evidence to understand the causes of the accident and improve safety measures for future missions. source: nasa.gov
08 Mar Four French journalists kidnapped in Beirut: On March 8, 1986, four French journalists from Antenne 2 were abducted in Beirut's southern suburbs while covering a Hezbollah rally. The captors, claiming to represent the Revolutionary Justice Organization, cited French intervention in Lebanese affairs and support for President Amin Gemayel as motives. The hostages were released in stages, with Philippe Rochot and Georges Hansen freed on June 20, 1986, and Jean-Louis Normandin and Aurel Cornea released on November 27, 1987. source: washingtonpost.com
09 Mar Soviet Vega 2 probe passes Halley's Comet: On March 9, 1986, the Soviet Vega 2 probe successfully flew by Halley's Comet, gathering valuable data about the comet's structure and composition. This mission was part of a dual spacecraft effort, with Vega 1 also observing the comet shortly before. The data collected contributed significantly to our understanding of comets and the early solar system. source: nasa.gov
10 Mar Lexington Tornado of 1986: On March 10, 1986, a significant F2 tornado struck Lexington, Kentucky, causing extensive damage. The tornado began near Tates Creek Road and Man O' War Boulevard, heavily impacting neighborhoods such as Gainesway and Southeastern Hills, and lifting near Richmond Road. It damaged 845 homes, with 200 near-F3 level, and resulted in 20 injuries. The total damages were estimated at $50 million in 2011 dollars. source: weather.gov
11 Mar NFL introduces instant replay rule for officiating: On March 11, 1986, the NFL approved the use of instant replay to assist officials in making accurate calls during games. This rule was implemented to enhance the fairness and accuracy of officiating, allowing for reviews of certain plays. The introduction of instant replay marked a significant change in how the game was officiated, aiming to reduce errors in critical game situations. source: nfl.com
12 Mar Susan Butcher wins Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race: Susan Butcher became the second woman to win the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race in 1986, completing the 1,100-mile course in 11 days, 15 hours, and 6 minutes. This victory marked a significant milestone in her career, as she had previously placed second in the race multiple times. Butcher's achievement was notable not only for her gender but also for breaking the existing speed record held by Rick Swenson. source: alaskasportshall.org
13 Mar Microsoft goes public on March 13, 1986: Microsoft Corporation went public on March 13, 1986, offering 2.5 million shares at an initial price of $21 per share. The IPO raised $61 million, and the company's stock quickly rose, marking a significant milestone in the tech industry. This event helped establish Microsoft as a major player in the software market and contributed to the growth of the personal computer revolution. source: sec.gov
14 Mar Giotto spacecraft's close encounter with Halley's Comet: On March 14, 1986, the European Space Agency's Giotto spacecraft made a historic flyby of Halley's Comet, coming within 596 kilometers of its nucleus. Despite sustaining damage from dust impacts, Giotto successfully transmitted valuable data, providing the first close-up images of a comet's nucleus and revealing its dark, irregular shape and active jets of gas and dust. source: esa.int
15 Mar Hotel New World collapse in Singapore: On March 15, 1986, the Hotel New World in Singapore collapsed, resulting in the deaths of 33 people. The disaster was attributed to structural failures and led to significant changes in building regulations in Singapore. Rescue operations were conducted for several days, highlighting the challenges of urban safety and emergency response. source: bbc.com
16 Mar Daisuke Takahashi was born on March 16, 1986: Daisuke Takahashi, a prominent Japanese figure skater, was born on March 16, 1986. He is known for his artistic performances and has won multiple championships, including the World Figure Skating Championships. Takahashi is celebrated for his contributions to the sport and his influence on figure skating in Japan. source: britannica.com
17 Mar Haemers Gang robs gold transport in Belgium of 35 million BF: On March 17, 1986, the Haemers Gang, led by Patrick Haemers, executed a robbery of a gold transport in Belgium, making off with 35 million Belgian francs. This event is noted in historical records as a significant criminal act of that period. source: brainyhistory.com
18 Mar U.S. Treasury Department announces currency design changes: On March 18, 1986, the U.S. Treasury Department announced the first redesign of U.S. paper currency in over 50 years. The changes included a transparent stripe woven into the paper and small print around the bills' portraits to deter counterfeiting. These modifications aimed to address the threat posed by advanced photocopying technologies to the integrity of U.S. currency. source: washingtonpost.com
19 Mar Vega 1 spacecraft encounters Halley's Comet: On March 19, 1986, the Soviet spacecraft Vega 1 made a close encounter with Halley's Comet, providing valuable data and images of the comet's nucleus and atmosphere. This mission was part of a dual spacecraft effort, with Vega 2 also launched to study the comet shortly after. The data collected significantly advanced our understanding of comets and their composition. source: nasa.gov
20 Mar New York City passes landmark LGBTQ rights legislation: On March 20, 1986, the New York City Council passed the Gay Rights Bill, prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation in housing, employment, and public accommodations. The bill, which had been debated for 15 years, passed with a 21-14 vote. Mayor Edward Koch supported the legislation, emphasizing its role in protecting civil rights. The bill imposed fines up to $500 and up to one year in jail for violations. source: washingtonpost.com
21 Mar Debi Thomas becomes first African-American to win World Figure Skating Championship: On March 21, 1986, Debi Thomas made history by becoming the first African-American to win the Women's World Figure Skating Championship in Geneva, Switzerland. This achievement followed her earlier victory at the U.S. National Championships in February 1986, where she became the first African-American to win a non-novice title. Thomas's groundbreaking performances in 1986 earned her the ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year award. source: latimes.com
22 Mar HBO launches heavyweight boxing unification tournament: On March 22, 1986, HBO initiated a heavyweight boxing unification tournament aimed at crowning an undisputed champion. The opening bout featured Trevor Berbick defeating Pinklon Thomas by unanimous decision to win the WBC title. This series continued with subsequent matches, including Michael Spinks retaining the IBF title against Larry Holmes on April 19, 1986. source: latimes.com
23 Mar Death of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein: Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, a prominent Orthodox Jewish scholar and halachic authority, passed away on March 23, 1986, at the age of 91. His funeral in Israel was attended by an estimated 100,000 mourners, reflecting his significant impact on the Jewish community. source: jta.org
24 Mar U.S. Navy confronts Libyan forces in Gulf of Sidra: On March 24, 1986, during a U.S. Navy freedom-of-navigation operation in the Gulf of Sidra, Libyan forces fired six surface-to-air missiles at U.S. aircraft operating in international waters. In response, U.S. forces launched retaliatory strikes, including sinking two Libyan patrol boats and attacking a coastal missile site. No U.S. casualties were reported. source: reaganlibrary.gov
25 Mar Supreme Court rules on religious attire in workplace: On March 25, 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the case of "Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. v. Sebelius" that employers must accommodate employees' religious practices, including the wearing of religious attire, unless it poses an undue hardship on the business. This decision reinforced the importance of religious freedom in the workplace. source: law.cornell.edu
26 Mar Kurt Waldheim war crimes controversy intensifies: On March 26, 1986, the World Jewish Congress (WJC) intensified its allegations against Kurt Waldheim, former UN Secretary-General and Austrian presidential candidate, accusing him of concealing his Nazi-era military service and involvement in war crimes. The WJC presented documents from the U.S. National Archives indicating Waldheim's role in operations leading to massacres in Yugoslavia and Greece during World War II. Waldheim denied the allegations, claiming he was merely performing his duties as a soldier. source: washingtonpost.com
27 Mar Hampton Court Palace fire causes significant damage: On March 27, 1986, a fire broke out at Hampton Court Palace in England, causing extensive damage to the historic site. The blaze destroyed the roof of the East Front and affected several rooms, leading to a major restoration effort. source: bbc.com
28 Mar Birth of Lady Gaga: Lady Gaga, born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta, was born on March 28, 1986, in New York City. She is an acclaimed singer, songwriter, and actress known for her distinctive style and powerful performances. Gaga rose to fame with her debut album 'The Fame' in 2008, which included hits like 'Just Dance' and 'Poker Face.' source: biography.com
29 Mar CIA Deputy Director John N. McMahon resigns: John N. McMahon, Deputy Director of the CIA, resigned effective March 29, 1986, after 34 years with the agency. His departure followed internal disagreements over the expansion of covert paramilitary operations in Third World conflicts, particularly in Afghanistan and Nicaragua. Robert M. Gates succeeded him as Deputy Director. source: washingtonpost.com
30 Mar James Cagney dies at 86: James Cagney, the iconic American actor known for his roles in classic films such as 'Yankee Doodle Dandy' and 'White Heat,' passed away on March 30, 1986, at the age of 86. Cagney was celebrated for his energetic performances and distinctive voice, leaving a lasting impact on Hollywood and American cinema. source: nytimes.com
31 Mar Mexicana de Aviación Flight 940 crashes in Mexico, killing all 167 on board: On March 31, 1986, Mexicana de Aviación Flight 940, a Boeing 727-200, crashed into Mount San Andrés in Michoacán, Mexico, shortly after takeoff from Mexico City International Airport. All 167 occupants, including 159 passengers and 8 crew members, perished. The crash was attributed to a tire explosion in the left main landing gear, leading to an in-flight fire and loss of control. This remains the deadliest aviation disaster in Mexican history. source: washingtonpost.com
01 Apr Global oil prices fell below $10 per barrel in April 1986: In early April 1986, global oil prices plummeted below $10 per barrel, marking a significant decline from the previous average of $27.50 per barrel in December 1985. This sharp drop was primarily due to an oversupply in the market, with OPEC's production reaching 18 million barrels per day, leading to a glut and triggering a price war. The price collapse had profound economic implications, affecting oil-producing nations and global markets. source: upi.com
02 Apr TWA Flight 840 bombing over Greece: On April 2, 1986, a bomb exploded aboard Trans World Airlines Flight 840, a Boeing 727-231 en route from Rome to Athens. The explosion occurred over Argos, Greece, causing a hole in the fuselage and ejecting four American passengers to their deaths. Seven others were injured. The aircraft made an emergency landing at Athens' Hellenikon International Airport. The Arab Revolutionary Cells, linked to the Abu Nidal Organization, claimed responsibility for the bombing. source: washingtonpost.com
03 Apr Richard Manuel, member of The Band, dies at 42: Richard Manuel, a key member of the influential rock group The Band, died on April 3, 1986. He was found in a hotel room in Winter Park, Florida, and his death was ruled a suicide. Manuel was known for his distinctive voice and contributions to the band's classic sound, which blended rock, folk, and Americana. source: nytimes.com
04 Apr Wayne Gretzky sets NHL single-season points record: On April 4, 1986, Wayne Gretzky surpassed his own NHL single-season points record by recording his 214th point, achieving a total of 215 points by the end of the season. This remarkable feat included 52 goals and 163 assists, solidifying his legacy as one of the greatest hockey players in history. source: espn.com
05 Apr La Belle discotheque bombing in West Berlin: On April 5, 1986, a bomb exploded at the La Belle discotheque in West Berlin, killing three people—including two U.S. soldiers—and injuring 229 others. The nightclub was popular among American servicemen. The U.S. government accused Libya of orchestrating the attack, leading to retaliatory airstrikes on Tripoli and Benghazi. In 2001, four individuals were convicted in connection with the bombing, with Libya being held responsible for the attack. source: britannica.com
06 Apr Pat Bradley wins Nabisco Dinah Shore Golf Championship: Pat Bradley secured her first Nabisco Dinah Shore title on April 6, 1986, at Mission Hills Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. She finished with a score of 280 (−8), two strokes ahead of runner-up Val Skinner. This victory marked the fourth of her six major titles. source: en.wikipedia.org
07 Apr John Gotti's federal racketeering trial begins: On April 7, 1986, the federal racketeering trial of John Gotti, alleged boss of the Gambino crime family, commenced in Brooklyn, New York. Gotti and six co-defendants faced charges including loan sharking, gambling, hijackings, and multiple murders. Jury selection began that day, with the trial expected to last two months. Gotti, free on $1 million bail, appeared in court without comment. source: upi.com
08 Apr Clint Eastwood elected mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea: On April 8, 1986, actor Clint Eastwood was elected mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. His campaign focused on local issues, and he served a single term until 1988. Eastwood's election was notable as it brought a celebrity into local politics, highlighting the intersection of fame and governance. source: nytimes.com
09 Apr French government blocks Renault privatization plan: On April 9, 1986, the French government announced its decision to block the privatization of Renault, a major French automobile manufacturer. This move was part of a broader strategy to maintain state control over key industries during a period of economic restructuring. The decision reflected the government's commitment to protecting jobs and national interests in the face of privatization pressures. source: reuters.com
10 Apr Benazir Bhutto returns to Pakistan after exile: On April 10, 1986, Benazir Bhutto returned to Pakistan from political exile, receiving a massive welcome in Lahore. Her arrival marked a significant challenge to President Zia ul-Haq's regime, with hundreds of thousands of supporters gathering to greet her. source: washingtonpost.com
11 Apr Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth in 1986: Halley's Comet, a periodic comet visible from Earth approximately every 76 years, made its closest approach on April 11, 1986. This event was significant as it allowed scientists to study the comet in detail, leading to important discoveries about its composition and behavior. The 1986 approach was the first time it was observed by spacecraft, providing unprecedented data. source: nasa.gov
13 Apr Historic interfaith meeting in Rome promotes dialogue: On April 13, 1986, Pope John Paul II hosted a historic interfaith meeting in Assisi, Italy, bringing together leaders from various religions to promote peace and dialogue. This gathering marked a significant moment in interfaith relations, emphasizing the importance of cooperation among different faiths in addressing global issues. The event is often remembered for its commitment to peace and mutual respect among diverse religious traditions. source: bbc.com
14 Apr Bangladesh ferry disaster on April 14, 1986: On April 14, 1986, a ferry capsized in the Buriganga River near Dhaka, Bangladesh, resulting in the deaths of over 200 people. The disaster was attributed to overcrowding and poor safety regulations. This incident highlighted the ongoing issues of maritime safety in Bangladesh, prompting calls for improved regulations and enforcement. source: bbc.com
15 Apr US launches air strikes on Libya in Operation El Dorado Canyon: On April 15, 1986, the United States conducted air strikes against Libya, targeting military sites in Tripoli and Benghazi. The operation, known as El Dorado Canyon, was in retaliation for the bombing of a West Berlin nightclub, La Belle, which killed two people and injured over 200, including U.S. servicemen. The U.S. government held Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi responsible for the attack. The air strikes resulted in the death of Gaddafi's adopted daughter, Hanna, and at least 15 other civilians. The operation also led to the destruction of Libyan military assets, including aircraft and radar systems. The U.S. lost one F-111 bomber during the mission. source: britannica.com
16 Apr Qadhafi appears on TV to dispel death rumors: On April 16, 1986, Libyan leader Muammar Qadhafi appeared on television to refute rumors of his death following a U.S. airstrike on Libya. The broadcast aimed to reassure the Libyan public and demonstrate his continued leadership despite the attack. This event occurred during heightened tensions between Libya and the United States. source: bbc.com
17 Apr IBM produces first megabit memory chip: On April 17, 1986, IBM achieved a significant technological milestone by producing the first megabit memory chip, capable of storing one million bits of information. This advancement marked a rare moment of triumph for American computer manufacturers, who had been perceived as losing the memory market to Japanese competitors. The megabit chip was produced in IBM's own semiconductor operations in Essex Junction, Vermont. source: cio.com
18 Apr Robert M. Gates appointed Deputy Director of Central Intelligence: On April 18, 1986, Robert M. Gates was sworn in as the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, succeeding John N. McMahon. Gates had been serving as the Deputy Director for Intelligence since January 1982 and was concurrently appointed Chairman of the National Intelligence Council in September 1983. source: cia.gov
19 Apr Michael Spinks defeats Larry Holmes in heavyweight boxing championship: On April 19, 1986, Michael Spinks successfully defended his IBF heavyweight title by defeating Larry Holmes via split decision in a 15-round rematch at the Las Vegas Hilton. Judges Frank Brunette and Jerry Roth scored the fight 144-141 and 144-142 in favor of Spinks, while Joe Cortez scored it 144-141 for Holmes. The Associated Press had it 143-142 for Holmes. source: washingtonpost.com
20 Apr Michael Jordan scores 63 points in playoff game against Celtics: On April 20, 1986, Michael Jordan set an NBA playoff record by scoring 63 points in a double-overtime loss to the Boston Celtics at Boston Garden. Despite his performance, the Chicago Bulls lost 135-131 in Game 2 of the Eastern Conference First Round. source: nba.com
21 Apr Geraldo Rivera's Al Capone Vault Reveal: On April 21, 1986, Geraldo Rivera hosted a live television special titled "The Mystery of Al Capone's Vaults," where he opened a sealed vault in Chicago's Lexington Hotel, once owned by gangster Al Capone. Despite high anticipation, the vault contained only dirt and debris, leading to widespread disappointment. The event attracted approximately 30 million viewers, making it the highest-rated syndicated television special at the time. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Apr Death of Mircea Eliade: Mircea Eliade, a prominent Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, and philosopher, passed away on April 22, 1986. He is best known for his works on the history of religions and the concept of the sacred and the profane. Eliade's contributions have had a lasting impact on the study of religion and philosophy. source: britannica.com
23 Apr Sven Kramer - Dutch Olympic speedskater born: Sven Kramer, a prominent Dutch speedskater, was born on April 23, 1986. He is known for his exceptional achievements in long-distance speed skating, including multiple Olympic gold medals and world records. Kramer's career has made him one of the most celebrated athletes in the sport. source: britannica.com
24 Apr Death of Wallis Simpson, Duchess of Windsor: Wallis Simpson, the Duchess of Windsor, passed away on April 24, 1986. She was the American socialite who became the wife of Edward VIII, the king who abdicated the throne in 1936 to marry her. Her life and marriage were significant in British royal history, marking a pivotal moment in the monarchy's relationship with the public and the institution itself. source: bbc.com
25 Apr Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster Preparation: On April 25, 1986, operators at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant began reducing power at reactor No. 4 in preparation for a safety test. The test aimed to determine if, during a power failure, the plant's turbines could generate enough electricity to keep coolant pumps running until emergency generators activated. However, the test was conducted without proper coordination between the electrical testing team and the reactor safety team, leading to the disabling of critical safety systems, including the emergency core cooling system. This lack of coordination and safety measures set the stage for the catastrophic explosion that occurred on April 26, 1986. source: atomicarchive.com
26 Apr Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred on April 26, 1986: The Chernobyl nuclear disaster was a catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on April 26, 1986, at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. It is considered the worst nuclear disaster in history, leading to widespread radioactive contamination and long-term health effects. The incident resulted in the evacuation of over 100,000 people and the establishment of a 30-kilometer exclusion zone around the plant. source: britannica.com
27 Apr Chernobyl nuclear disaster evacuation initiated: On April 27, 1986, following the catastrophic explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine, the Soviet government began evacuating residents from the nearby town of Pripyat. Approximately 49,000 people were evacuated within 36 hours, and the surrounding area was later designated as an exclusion zone due to high radiation levels. This disaster remains one of the worst nuclear accidents in history, with long-lasting health and environmental impacts. source: britannica.com
28 Apr Chernobyl radiation detected in Sweden: Following the Chernobyl nuclear disaster on April 26, 1986, radiation was detected in Sweden just days later. The Swedish authorities identified the source as the Chernobyl reactor, leading to widespread concern and monitoring of radioactive fallout across Europe. This incident marked a significant moment in nuclear safety and environmental awareness. source: nrc.gov
29 Apr Los Angeles Central Library fire: On April 29, 1986, a devastating arson fire erupted at the Los Angeles Central Library, destroying approximately 400,000 volumes—20% of its holdings—and causing significant water and smoke damage to the remaining collection. The fire, which began on the fifth tier of the northeast stack, was extinguished after seven hours and 38 minutes, involving over 350 firefighters. The incident led to a seven-year closure for repairs and renovations. source: latimes.com
30 Apr Ashrita Furman sets record with Somersault Marathon: On April 30, 1986, Ashrita Furman completed a marathon while performing somersaults, setting a Guinness World Record. This unique achievement showcased his dedication to breaking unconventional records. source: bbc.com
01 May Chernobyl nuclear disaster reported: On May 1, 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear disaster was reported, following a catastrophic explosion at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine. This incident released large quantities of radioactive particles into the atmosphere, leading to widespread contamination and health issues. It is considered one of the worst nuclear disasters in history, prompting significant changes in nuclear safety regulations worldwide. source: britannica.com
02 May Chernobyl disaster evacuation began on May 2, 1986: The evacuation of Pripyat, a city near the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, began on May 2, 1986, following the catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on April 26, 1986. Approximately 49,000 residents were evacuated within 36 hours to minimize exposure to radiation. The event marked one of the largest nuclear disasters in history, leading to long-term health and environmental consequences. source: britannica.com
03 May Bombing of Air Lanka Flight 512 at Colombo Airport: On May 3, 1986, Air Lanka Flight 512, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar, was destroyed by a bomb explosion at Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The explosion occurred while the aircraft was on the ground, preparing for departure to Malé, Maldives. The bomb, concealed in the aircraft's 'Fly Away Kit' among cargo, was believed to have been planted by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) to sabotage peace talks between the LTTE and the Sri Lankan government. The blast resulted in 21 fatalities and 41 injuries among the 148 occupants, including passengers from France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Japan, the Maldives, and Pakistan. source: news.bbc.co.uk
04 May Political transition in Afghanistan marked by leadership change: On May 4, 1986, Babrak Karmal was replaced by Mohammad Najibullah as the General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. This transition was significant as it marked a shift in leadership during a tumultuous period in Afghanistan's history, characterized by ongoing conflict and Soviet influence. Najibullah's leadership would later face challenges as the Soviet Union withdrew its forces from Afghanistan. source: britannica.com
05 May Cleveland chosen as Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum location: On May 5, 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation announced Cleveland as the permanent home for the museum, citing the city's significant role in rock history and strong community support.
06 May France conducts underground nuclear test at Mururoa Atoll: On May 6, 1986, France conducted its second underground nuclear test of the year at Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific. The test, estimated to have a yield of approximately three kilotons, was detected by New Zealand's seismological station in the Cook Islands. This followed a previous test on April 27, 1986, which had a yield of about four kilotons. France did not publicly disclose details about either test. source: upi.com
07 May First person to climb the Seven Summits: On May 7, 1986, Richard Bass became the first person to successfully climb the Seven Summits, which are the highest peaks on each of the seven continents. His achievement included Mount Everest, which he summited earlier that year, making him a notable figure in mountaineering history. Bass's accomplishment has inspired many climbers to pursue the challenge of the Seven Summits. source: britannica.com
08 May Óscar Arias sworn in as Costa Rica's president: On May 8, 1986, Óscar Arias Sánchez was inaugurated as the 44th president of Costa Rica. At 44, he became the youngest president in the nation's history. His inauguration was attended by nine Latin American heads of state, including Vice President George Bush and Senator Richard Lugar. In his inaugural speech, Arias called for the signing of a regional peace treaty and sought support from industrialized nations for Latin America's heavily indebted countries. source: upi.com
09 May Death of Tenzing Norgay, Everest pioneer: Tenzing Norgay, the Sherpa mountaineer who, alongside Sir Edmund Hillary, was the first to summit Mount Everest in 1953, died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Darjeeling, India, on May 9, 1986, at the age of 71. source: britannica.com
10 May Falco's 'Rock Me Amadeus' tops UK pop chart: On May 10, 1986, Falco's hit single 'Rock Me Amadeus' reached the number one position on the UK Singles Chart. The song, which pays tribute to composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, became a significant pop culture phenomenon in the 1980s. It is notable for being one of the few German-language songs to achieve such success in the English-speaking world. source: bbc.co.uk
11 May Evacuation of Pripyat following Chernobyl disaster: On May 11, 1986, the residents of Pripyat, a city near the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, were evacuated due to the catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on April 26, 1986. The evacuation was part of a larger response to the disaster, which released significant amounts of radioactive material into the environment. Approximately 49,000 residents were relocated, and the area remains largely uninhabited today due to contamination. source: britannica.com
12 May James C. Fletcher sworn in as NASA Administrator: On May 12, 1986, James C. Fletcher was sworn in as the seventh Administrator of NASA, succeeding acting Administrator William R. Graham. Fletcher, who had previously served as NASA Administrator from 1971 to 1977, returned to lead the agency following the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in January 1986. His appointment aimed to guide NASA through its recovery and the resumption of the Space Shuttle program. source: nasa.gov
13 May 5.8 magnitude earthquake in Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia: On May 13, 1986, a 5.8 magnitude earthquake struck the Samtskhe-Javakheti region in Georgia, approximately 96 km west of Tbilisi. The tremor occurred at 12:44 pm local time and was followed by aftershocks. The earthquake caused significant damage in the affected area. source: volcanoesandearthquakes.com
14 May Anne Frank's complete diary published in English: On May 14, 1986, the complete version of Anne Frank's diary was published in English for the first time. This edition included previously omitted entries, providing a fuller picture of her thoughts and experiences during her time in hiding from the Nazis. The publication has since contributed significantly to the understanding of her life and the impact of the Holocaust. source: britannica.com
15 May Top Gun movie released in the United States: The film 'Top Gun' was released in the United States on May 15, 1986. Directed by Tony Scott, it stars Tom Cruise as a talented naval aviator and became a cultural phenomenon, influencing popular culture and military recruitment. The film is known for its aerial combat sequences and iconic soundtrack. source: imdb.com
16 May Cokeville Elementary School bombing incident: On May 16, 1986, a tragic bombing occurred at Cokeville Elementary School in Wyoming, where a former town marshal and his wife took hostages. The incident resulted in the deaths of two individuals and injuries to many others. The event is remembered for its impact on the community and the subsequent changes in school safety protocols. source: history.com
17 May Snow Chief wins 111th Preakness Stakes: On May 17, 1986, Snow Chief, ridden by Alex Solis, secured victory in the 111th Preakness Stakes at Pimlico Race Course, finishing four lengths ahead of Kentucky Derby winner Ferdinand. The race was completed in 1:54-4/5 over a fast track, with a record crowd of 87,652 in attendance. source: latimes.com
18 May Becky Pearson wins 1986 Chrysler-Plymouth Classic: Becky Pearson secured her first LPGA Tour victory at the 1986 Chrysler-Plymouth Classic, held from May 16 to 18 in New Jersey. She finished with a score of 212 (−7), one stroke ahead of the runner-up. source: en.wikipedia.org
19 May Anti-apartheid activist sentenced in South Africa: On May 19, 1986, anti-apartheid activist and leader of the United Democratic Front, Albertina Sisulu, was sentenced to a lengthy prison term for her involvement in anti-government activities. This event marked a significant moment in the struggle against apartheid, highlighting the government's crackdown on dissent. Sisulu's activism played a crucial role in mobilizing opposition to apartheid policies in South Africa. source: bbc.com
20 May The Flintstones' 25th Anniversary Celebration: A 60-minute live-action and animated television special aired on CBS, commemorating the 25th anniversary of 'The Flintstones'. Hosted by Tim Conway, Harvey Korman, and Vanna White, the program featured clips from past episodes and spin-offs, along with new animation and musical segments. Special guest appearances included Telly Savalas, Susan Saint James, and Jane Curtin. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 May US conducts underground nuclear test 'Panamint' at Nevada Test Site: On May 21, 1986, the United States conducted an underground nuclear test code-named 'Panamint' at the Nevada Test Site. The test, the fourth announced in 1986, was detonated at 6:59 a.m. PDT in Yucca Flat, approximately 83 miles northwest of Las Vegas. The explosion had a yield of less than 20 kilotons of TNT and was conducted 1,600 feet below the desert surface. This test was the 650th announced nuclear test at the site since 1951. source: upi.com
22 May Cher's controversial appearance on Late Night with David Letterman: On May 22, 1986, Cher appeared on 'Late Night with David Letterman' and called the host an 'asshole' on live television. This remark was a response to Letterman's previous comments about her, which had led her to decline his invitations for years. The incident garnered significant media attention and became a defining moment in late-night television history. source: newsday.com
23 May Somali President Siad Barre injured in car accident: On May 23, 1986, Somali President Siad Barre sustained serious injuries in a car crash near Mogadishu, when his vehicle collided with a bus during a heavy rainstorm. He was treated in a Saudi Arabian hospital for head injuries, broken ribs, and shock over a period of a month. This incident led to increased speculation about his succession and the stability of his regime. source: upi.com
24 May Margaret Thatcher visits Israel, marking a historic diplomatic event: On May 24, 1986, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher made a significant visit to Israel, becoming the first British leader to do so since the establishment of the state in 1948. This visit aimed to strengthen UK-Israel relations and address regional security issues. Thatcher's trip included meetings with Israeli leaders and discussions on peace in the Middle East. source: bbc.com
25 May 1986 Bangladesh MV Shamia ferry incident: On May 25, 1986, the MV Shamia, a double-decker ferry, capsized in the Meghna River near Kalikapur, Bangladesh, during a cyclone. The ferry, built to hold 500 passengers, was carrying between 1,000 and 1,500 people, many returning from Eid al-Fitr celebrations. Initial reports cited between 40 and 240 dead with 500 missing. The disaster led to the suspension of all double-decker boats in Bangladesh and the dismissal of officials responsible for issuing maritime-fitness certificates. source: upi.com
27 May Dragon Quest video game released in Japan: The original 'Dragon Quest' video game was released in Japan on May 27, 1986, marking the beginning of the influential role-playing game series. Developed by Chunsoft and published by Enix, it was initially available on the Famicom, MSX, and PC-9801 platforms. The game was later localized for North America in August 1989 under the title 'Dragon Warrior' for the Nintendo Entertainment System. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 May Democratic Labour Party wins 1986 Barbadian general election: On May 28, 1986, the Democratic Labour Party (DLP) secured a decisive victory in Barbados' general elections, capturing 24 of the 27 seats in the House of Assembly. This outcome led to Errol Barrow's return as Prime Minister, succeeding the incumbent Harold Bernard St. John of the Barbados Labour Party (BLP), who lost his seat. The Workers Party of Barbados participated in the election for the first and only time, presenting two candidates who did not win any seats. Voter turnout was 76.7%. source: upi.com
29 May European Communities raise official flag in Brussels: On May 29, 1986, the European Communities officially raised their flag for the first time in front of the Berlaymont building in Brussels. The flag, featuring 12 golden stars on a blue background, symbolizes unity, solidarity, and harmony among European nations. Commission President Jacques Delors presided over the ceremony, marking a significant step in the Communities' journey towards greater integration. source: consilium.europa.eu
30 May France conducts nuclear test at Mururoa Atoll: On May 30, 1986, France conducted a nuclear test at Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific. This test was part of France's controversial nuclear testing program, which faced international criticism for environmental and health concerns. The test was one of several conducted by France in the region during this period. source: bbc.com
31 May 1986 FIFA World Cup begins in Mexico: The 1986 FIFA World Cup, hosted by Mexico, kicked off on May 31, 1986. This tournament was notable for the introduction of the 'Golden Goal' rule and featured memorable performances, including Diego Maradona's legendary 'Hand of God' goal. The event marked the second time Mexico hosted the World Cup, having previously done so in 1970. source: britannica.com
01 Jun Danielle Steel publishes 'Wanderlust': Danielle Steel's novel 'Wanderlust' was first published on June 1, 1986, by Delacorte Press. The story follows Audrey Driscoll, an orphaned young woman in the 1930s who embarks on a journey across Europe and China, challenging societal expectations and personal boundaries. source: penguinrandomhouse.com
02 Jun First Regular TV Coverage of US Senate Sessions: On June 2, 1986, the U.S. Senate began live, gavel-to-gavel television coverage of its proceedings, marking a significant shift toward transparency and public engagement. This decision followed years of debate and a trial period, with the Senate voting 67 to 21 in favor of the initiative. The coverage was initially set for a three-month trial, after which the Senate voted to make it permanent. source: senate.gov
03 Jun Rafael Nadal was born on June 3, 1986: Rafael Nadal, a professional tennis player from Spain, was born on June 3, 1986, in Manacor, Mallorca. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest tennis players of all time, known for his exceptional clay court performance and numerous Grand Slam titles. source: britannica.com
04 Jun Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage charges: On June 4, 1986, Jonathan Pollard, a former U.S. Navy intelligence analyst, pleaded guilty to espionage for selling top-secret military information to Israel. He admitted to providing classified documents, including satellite photos and data on Soviet weapons, in exchange for approximately $50,000, with expectations of additional payments. Pollard was sentenced to life in prison, and his wife, Anne, received a five-year sentence for being an accessory to the crimes. source: washingtonpost.com
05 Jun Cyanide poisoning deaths linked to Excedrin in Washington state: In June 1986, two individuals in Auburn, Washington, died from cyanide poisoning after ingesting Extra-Strength Excedrin capsules. The victims were Bruce Nickell, 52, who died on June 5, and Sue Snow, 40, who died on June 11. Investigations revealed that the capsules were tampered with, leading to a nationwide recall of the product. Stella Nickell, Bruce's wife, was later convicted for contaminating the capsules, resulting in her husband's death and the death of Snow. source: washingtonpost.com
06 Jun Kathy Ormsby attempts suicide during NCAA championship race, resulting in paralysis: In June 1986, North Carolina State distance runner Kathy Ormsby leaped from a bridge during an NCAA championship race, leading to paralysis from the waist down. She later explained that feelings of failure toward her coach and parents drove her to this tragic decision. source: latimes.com
07 Jun Danzig Connection wins 118th Belmont Stakes: Danzig Connection, trained by Woody Stephens and ridden by Chris McCarron, secured victory in the 118th Belmont Stakes on June 7, 1986, at Belmont Park. The race was contested over 1½ miles on a dirt track, with Danzig Connection finishing ahead of the competition. source: espn.com
08 Jun Kurt Waldheim elected president of Austria: Kurt Waldheim was elected as the President of Austria on June 8, 1986. His election was notable due to his controversial past, particularly his service as a German army officer during World War II, which led to significant debate and scrutiny regarding his wartime actions. Despite this, he won the election and served as president until 1992. source: bbc.com
09 Jun Rogers Commission releases report on Challenger disaster: On June 9, 1986, the Rogers Commission released its report on the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, which occurred on January 28, 1986. The report identified critical failures in NASA's decision-making processes and engineering practices, particularly concerning the O-rings used in the shuttle's solid rocket boosters. The findings led to significant changes in NASA's safety protocols and organizational structure. source: nasa.gov
10 Jun A. Bartlett Giamatti named National League president: On June 10, 1986, A. Bartlett Giamatti, then president of Yale University, was appointed as the 12th president of the National League, succeeding Charles 'Chub' Feeney. Giamatti, a lifelong Boston Red Sox fan, emphasized the need to improve the fan experience in ballparks and advocated for strict enforcement of the balk rule. source: upi.com
11 Jun US House approves sanctions on apartheid South Africa: On June 11, 1986, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill imposing sanctions against South Africa in response to its apartheid policies. This legislation aimed to pressure the South African government to end racial segregation and discrimination. The sanctions included restrictions on trade and investment, reflecting growing international condemnation of apartheid. source: congress.gov
12 Jun Reagan condemns South African state of emergency: On June 12, 1986, the South African government declared a nationwide state of emergency in response to escalating violence. The Reagan administration condemned this action as a "serious mistake," stating it demonstrated a lack of understanding of the fundamental causes of unrest in South Africa. The U.S. called for both sides to exercise restraint and engage in dialogue to resolve the issues. source: washingtonpost.com
13 Jun Birth of Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen: Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen, the famous twin actresses and fashion designers, were born on June 13, 1986, in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California. They gained fame as child stars on the television show 'Full House' and have since built a successful career in fashion and entertainment. source: biography.com
14 Jun Mindbender roller coaster accident at West Edmonton Mall: On June 14, 1986, the Mindbender roller coaster at West Edmonton Mall in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, experienced a fatal accident. A wheel assembly on the last car detached, causing the car to derail and crash into a concrete pillar. Three passengers were killed, and one was critically injured. The ride was closed for extensive safety modifications and reopened in January 1987. source: ctvnews.ca
15 Jun Chernobyl nuclear plant officials dismissed for mishandling disaster: On June 15, 1986, Soviet officials dismissed Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant director Viktor Bryukhanov and chief engineer Nikolai Fomin for their poor handling of the April 26 nuclear accident. The Communist Party newspaper Pravda criticized them for failing to provide effective leadership and discipline during the crisis. The report also mentioned that some workers were still 'on the run' seven weeks after the disaster. source: upi.com
16 Jun South African general strike on June 16, 1986, marks 10th anniversary of Soweto uprising: On June 16, 1986, millions of black South Africans participated in a nationwide general strike to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the 1976 Soweto uprising. The strike led to the closure of businesses and schools, with Johannesburg's Soweto township described as virtually deserted. The government responded by imposing a state of emergency, deploying thousands of police and soldiers to enforce the new measures. source: washingtonpost.com
17 Jun President Reagan nominates William H. Rehnquist as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: On June 17, 1986, President Ronald Reagan announced his intention to nominate Associate Justice William H. Rehnquist as the next Chief Justice of the United States, succeeding Chief Justice Warren E. Burger. Rehnquist had served on the Supreme Court since 1972 and was known for his conservative views. The nomination was part of a broader plan to reshape the Court's leadership, with Reagan also nominating Judge Antonin Scalia to fill Rehnquist's seat as an Associate Justice. source: reaganlibrary.gov
18 Jun US House approves Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act: On June 18, 1986, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, imposing economic sanctions on South Africa to protest its apartheid policies. The act banned new U.S. loans and investments in South Africa, prohibited imports of certain South African goods, and withdrew landing rights for South African Airways. The Senate passed a similar measure on August 15, 1986, and Congress overrode President Reagan's veto on September 29, 1986. source: congress.gov
19 Jun Tragic death of Len Bias due to cocaine overdose: Len Bias, a promising basketball player from the University of Maryland, died on June 19, 1986, from a cocaine overdose just days after being selected second overall in the NBA Draft by the Boston Celtics. His death shocked the sports community and raised awareness about the dangers of drug use, leading to significant changes in drug policies and education in sports. source: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
20 Jun President Reagan undergoes surgery for colon cancer: On June 20, 1986, President Ronald Reagan underwent surgery to remove a cancerous polyp from his colon. The procedure was successful, and Reagan was reported to be in good health afterward. This event marked a significant moment in his presidency, as it raised concerns about his health and the implications for his administration. source: nytimes.com
21 Jun Reagan defends judicial appointments: On June 21, 1986, President Ronald Reagan delivered a radio address from Camp David, defending his judicial appointments and urging the Senate to confirm his nominees. He highlighted the qualifications of Justice William Rehnquist for Chief Justice and Judge Antonin Scalia for Associate Justice, emphasizing their commitment to judicial restraint and the Constitution. Reagan criticized Senate Democrats for opposing these nominees based on their conservative views. source: washingtonpost.com
22 Jun Maradona's legendary World Cup performance against England: On June 22, 1986, Diego Maradona delivered one of the most iconic performances in World Cup history during the quarterfinal match against England. He scored two of the most famous goals in football: the controversial 'Hand of God' goal and the stunning solo effort known as the 'Goal of the Century.' This match solidified Maradona's status as one of the greatest footballers of all time. source: bbc.com
23 Jun O'Neill blocks Reagan's House address: On June 23, 1986, President Ronald Reagan requested to address the House of Representatives regarding a $100 million aid package for Nicaraguan rebels. Speaker Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill Jr. declined, suggesting a joint session instead. Reagan's televised appeal on June 24 led to the appropriation's passage. source: history.house.gov
24 Jun US Senate approves Tax Reform Act of 1986: On June 24, 1986, the US Senate passed the Tax Reform Act of 1986 with a 97-3 vote, marking a significant overhaul of the federal tax code. The legislation aimed to simplify the tax system by reducing the number of tax brackets and eliminating various deductions, while lowering the top tax rate from 50% to 28%. President Ronald Reagan praised the Senate's action, stating, "This is a great day for America." source: reaganlibrary.gov
25 Jun Former Belgian Prime Minister convicted of tax fraud and forgery: On June 25, 1986, former Belgian Prime Minister Paul Vanden Boeynants was convicted of 137 counts of tax evasion and forgery, resulting in a three-year suspended prison sentence and a fine of $13,600. The charges, covering the period from 1967 to 1982, alleged that he evaded approximately $4.4 million in taxes through fraudulent activities involving stock transactions in Belgium, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. Vanden Boeynants, who served as prime minister from 1966 to 1968 and again from 1978 to 1979, denied the charges but was found guilty on most counts. source: washingtonpost.com
26 Jun Irish voters reject constitutional amendment to allow divorce: On June 26, 1986, Irish voters decisively rejected a referendum that sought to remove the constitutional ban on divorce. The proposal was defeated by a margin of 63.5% to 36.5%, with 935,842 votes against and 538,279 in favor. This outcome reaffirmed Ireland's status as the only major European country at the time where divorce remained illegal. source: latimes.com
27 Jun International Court of Justice rules against US in Nicaragua case: On June 27, 1986, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled that the United States violated international law by supporting the Contras in Nicaragua and mining Nicaraguan harbors. The court ordered the US to cease these activities and pay reparations to Nicaragua. The United States refused to comply, citing lack of jurisdiction, and blocked enforcement through the UN Security Council. source: icj-cij.org
28 Jun Alabama Democratic gubernatorial runoff legal challenge: On June 28, 1986, Charles and Nellie Kent Pike filed an election contest against the results of the Alabama Democratic gubernatorial runoff, alleging illegal crossover voting by Republicans. This legal challenge led to a series of court decisions, including a federal court ruling that invalidated the runoff results and ordered the Democratic Party to either certify Bill Baxley as the nominee or hold a new runoff election. source: latimes.com
29 Jun Argentina wins the 1986 FIFA World Cup: Argentina won the 1986 FIFA World Cup held in Mexico, defeating West Germany 3-2 in the final match. This victory marked Argentina's second World Cup title, with Diego Maradona playing a pivotal role throughout the tournament. The final took place at the Estadio Azteca in Mexico City, and Maradona's performances were widely celebrated, solidifying his legacy in football history. source: britannica.com
30 Jun Bowers v. Hardwick Supreme Court decision upheld sodomy laws: On June 30, 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Bowers v. Hardwick that states could criminalize consensual homosexual acts. The decision upheld Georgia's sodomy law, stating that the Constitution did not confer a fundamental right to engage in homosexual sodomy. This ruling was later criticized and effectively overturned by Lawrence v. Texas in 2003. source: loc.gov
01 Jul CSX Transportation established as a major freight railroad: CSX Transportation was established on July 1, 1986, following the merger of several railroads, including the Chessie System and Seaboard System. It became one of the largest freight rail networks in the United States, providing vital transportation services across the eastern U.S. and parts of the Midwest. source: britannica.com
02 Jul Attack on protesters during Chilean national strike: On July 2, 1986, during a national strike against General Augusto Pinochet's military dictatorship, two protesters, Rodrigo Rojas de Negri and Carmen Gloria Quintana, were detained by a military patrol in Santiago. They were severely beaten, doused with gasoline, and set on fire. Rojas died from his injuries four days later; Quintana survived but suffered extensive burns. The incident drew international condemnation and highlighted human rights abuses under Pinochet's regime. source: bbc.com
03 Jul Statue of Liberty rededication ceremony: On July 3, 1986, President Ronald Reagan presided over the rededication of the Statue of Liberty, marking its centennial and completion of a $66 million restoration. The ceremony featured a laser beam illuminating the statue, a fireworks display, and a performance by a 300-voice choir. French President François Mitterrand attended, and Chief Justice Warren E. Burger administered the oath of citizenship to 270 new Americans on Ellis Island. source: reaganlibrary.gov
04 Jul Reagan delivers speech at Statue of Liberty Centennial Celebration: On July 4, 1986, President Ronald Reagan delivered a speech at the Statue of Liberty Centennial Celebration in New York City. He highlighted the statue's significance as a symbol of freedom and the enduring friendship between the United States and France. Reagan's remarks emphasized the shared values and sacrifices that have united the two nations over the years. source: reaganlibrary.gov
05 Jul Statue of Liberty reopens after extensive restoration: After a two-year restoration, the Statue of Liberty reopened to the public on July 5, 1986, as part of the Liberty Weekend centennial celebration. The restoration included replacing rusted iron armature bars with stainless steel, removing multiple coatings from the interior copper skin, and constructing a new torch covered with gold leaf. source: nps.gov
06 Jul Jagjivan Ram, prominent Indian politician, dies at 78: Jagjivan Ram, a leading spokesman for India's Dalit community and former Deputy Prime Minister, passed away on July 6, 1986, in New Delhi at the age of 78. He held various ministerial positions over his 40-year political career, including Defence Minister during the 1971 Indo-Pak war. source: britannica.com
07 Jul Supreme Court strikes down Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act's automatic deficit reduction provision: On July 7, 1986, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 7-2 in Bowsher v. Synar that the automatic deficit reduction mechanism of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act violated the separation of powers doctrine by assigning executive functions to a legislative officer, the Comptroller General. This decision rendered the law's automatic budget-cutting provision unconstitutional, requiring Congress to enact deficit reductions through traditional legislative processes. source: washingtonpost.com
08 Jul NASA establishes Office of Safety, Reliability, and Quality Assurance: In response to the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, NASA established the Office of Safety, Reliability, and Quality Assurance on July 8, 1986. This office was tasked with providing independent oversight of key systems to enhance safety and prevent future accidents. source: nasa.gov
09 Jul New Zealand Homosexual Law Reform Act passed: On July 9, 1986, the New Zealand Parliament passed the Homosexual Law Reform Act by a vote of 49 to 44. This legislation decriminalized consensual sexual relations between men aged 16 and over, removing previous criminal sanctions. The Act received royal assent on July 11, 1986, and came into effect on August 8, 1986. source: nzhistory.govt.nz
10 Jul Jerry Garcia recovers from diabetic coma: In July 1986, Jerry Garcia, lead guitarist of the Grateful Dead, collapsed into a diabetic coma due to complications from diabetes, an abscessed tooth, and exhaustion. He was hospitalized at Marin General Hospital in Greenbrae, California, where he remained in a coma for five days. Garcia's condition improved, and he was released from the hospital on his 44th birthday, August 1, 1986. Following his recovery, Garcia returned to performing with the Grateful Dead, resuming concerts in December 1986. source: upi.com
11 Jul Surrogate mother questions paternity of 'Baby M': In August 1986, Mary Beth Whitehead, the surrogate mother in the 'Baby M' case, questioned the paternity of the child, suggesting the possibility of conception through sexual relations with her husband rather than artificial insemination with William Stern's sperm. This claim led to further legal proceedings and delays in the custody battle. source: upi.com
12 Jul NYPD Officer Steven McDonald shot and paralyzed: On July 12, 1986, NYPD Officer Steven McDonald was shot three times while questioning a 15-year-old about bicycle thefts in Central Park. The attack left him paralyzed from the neck down. Despite his injuries, McDonald forgave the shooter and became an advocate for peace and forgiveness. source: odmp.org
13 Jul Zola Budd and Annette Cowley banned from Commonwealth Games: On July 13, 1986, Commonwealth Games officials in London ruled that South African-born athletes Zola Budd and Annette Cowley could not participate in the upcoming Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland. This decision was made due to their South African origins, amid a broader boycott by several African nations protesting Britain's refusal to impose sanctions on apartheid-era South Africa. source: bbc.com
14 Jul Richard Miller convicted of espionage and bribery: Richard William Miller, a 20-year veteran of the FBI, was convicted on June 19, 1986, of six counts of espionage and bribery for passing classified documents to the Soviet Union. He was sentenced on July 14, 1986, to two consecutive life terms plus 50 years. Miller's conviction was overturned in 1989 due to the improper admission of polygraph evidence, but he was retried and convicted again in 1990, receiving a 20-year sentence. source: cia.gov
15 Jul Boris Becker defends Wimbledon title: On July 15, 1986, German tennis player Boris Becker successfully defended his Wimbledon singles title, defeating Kevin Curren in the final. This victory made Becker the youngest male player to win Wimbledon at that time. source: wimbledon.com
17 Jul Madonna's 'Papa Don't Preach' tops UK Singles Chart: On July 17, 1986, Madonna's 'Papa Don't Preach' was the number one song in the UK, marking its third consecutive week at the top. The track was part of her third studio album, 'True Blue', and became one of her most iconic hits. source: officialcharts.com
18 Jul F2 tornado in Minneapolis northern suburbs: On July 18, 1986, an F2 tornado touched down in the northern suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota, causing light to moderate damage. The tornado was extensively covered by media, including live footage from KARE 11's Sky 11 helicopter. It began in Brooklyn Park and moved northeast, crossing the Mississippi River into Fridley, where it caused significant tree and structural damage. The event remains notable for its media coverage and impact on the community. source: weather.gov
19 Jul Caroline Kennedy marries Edwin Schlossberg in Massachusetts: On July 19, 1986, Caroline Kennedy, daughter of President John F. Kennedy, married designer Edwin Schlossberg at Our Lady of Victory Church in Centerville, Massachusetts. The ceremony was attended by approximately 1,000 spectators, with a reception at the Kennedy compound in Hyannis Port. Notable attendees included Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, who escorted the bride down the aisle, and cousin Maria Shriver, who served as matron of honor. source: washingtonpost.com
20 Jul Fells Acres Day School sexual abuse trial: In 1986, Gerald Amirault was convicted of sexually abusing nine children at the Fells Acres Day School in Malden, Massachusetts. His mother, Violet Amirault, and sister, Cheryl Amirault LeFave, were also convicted in 1987 for similar offenses. The convictions were overturned in 1995 due to concerns over the fairness of the trials and the reliability of the children's testimonies. source: cbsnews.com
21 Jul 1986 Chalfant Valley earthquake: On July 21, 1986, a 6.2 magnitude earthquake struck near Bishop and Chalfant, California, causing two injuries and approximately $2.7 million in property damage. The mainshock was preceded by a 5.7 magnitude foreshock on July 20 and followed by aftershocks, including a 5.8 magnitude event on July 31. The earthquake was centered along the White Mountain Fault Zone, affecting areas in eastern California and western Nevada. source: washingtonpost.com
22 Jul House impeaches Judge Harry E. Claiborne on July 22, 1986: On July 22, 1986, the U.S. House of Representatives unanimously voted 406-0 to impeach Judge Harry E. Claiborne of Nevada. The impeachment was based on his conviction for falsifying income tax returns, marking the first federal judge impeachment in 50 years. Claiborne had been serving a two-year prison sentence for tax evasion at the time. source: washingtonpost.com
23 Jul Royal wedding of Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson: Prince Andrew, Duke of York, married Sarah Ferguson on July 23, 1986, at Westminster Abbey in London. The wedding was a significant royal event, attracting considerable media attention and public interest. The couple later divorced in 1996, but they have remained on good terms and co-parent their two daughters. source: bbc.com
24 Jul Navy radioman Jerry Whitworth convicted of espionage: On July 24, 1986, retired Navy communications specialist Jerry Alfred Whitworth was convicted in San Francisco of passing highly sensitive Navy coding secrets to the Soviet Union. He was found guilty on 12 of 13 counts, including seven counts of espionage and five counts of tax evasion, for providing classified information to the Soviet Union between 1974 and 1983. Whitworth was sentenced to 365 years in prison on August 28, 1986. source: washingtonpost.com
25 Jul Sikh extremists kill 16 Hindus in Muktsar, India: On July 25, 1986, Sikh extremists hijacked a bus near Muktsar, Punjab, India, and singled out Hindu passengers, forcing them off the bus and shooting them one by one. At least 16 people were killed, and four others were wounded in this attack, which was the bloodiest single act of violence by Sikh radicals in Punjab at that time. source: upi.com
26 Jul Death of W. Averell Harriman: W. Averell Harriman, an influential American politician, businessman, and diplomat, passed away on July 26, 1986. He served as the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union and was a key figure in post-World War II foreign policy. Harriman was also known for his role in the development of the Marshall Plan and his involvement in various international negotiations throughout his career. source: nytimes.com
27 Jul Iraqi warplanes bomb Arak and Kharg Island in Iran: On July 27, 1986, Iraqi warplanes attacked the Iranian city of Arak, bombing an aluminum factory and a working-class neighborhood on the outskirts. Additionally, Iraqi aircraft targeted the Iranian oil terminal at Kharg Island in the Persian Gulf and a fuel depot in Ahwaz, causing significant damage. Iran's official news agency reported the bombings but did not provide casualty figures. In response, Iranian parliament speaker Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani warned of potential missile attacks on targets in Iraq. source: upi.com
28 Jul NASA releases Challenger transcript and report on cause of death: On July 28, 1986, NASA released the final report from Dr. Joseph P. Kerwin, Director of Life Sciences at the Johnson Space Center, investigating the cause of death of the Challenger astronauts. The report concluded that the cause of death could not be positively determined, but it was possible that the crew lost consciousness due to in-flight loss of cabin pressure. The report also included a transcript of the operational recorder tape containing the crew's internal communications from 2 minutes and 5 seconds prior to launch through the loss of data at 73 seconds into the flight. source: nasa.gov
29 Jul USFL wins antitrust lawsuit against NFL but awarded only $1 in damages: On July 29, 1986, a federal jury found the National Football League (NFL) guilty of monopolizing professional football, harming the United States Football League (USFL). Despite this, the jury awarded the USFL only $1 in damages, which was tripled to $3 under antitrust law. This minimal award led the USFL to suspend operations, and the league ceased to exist shortly thereafter. source: washingtonpost.com
31 Jul 19th San Diego Comic-Con International opens: The 19th San Diego Comic-Con International took place from July 31 to August 3, 1986. This annual event has grown to become one of the largest and most influential comic book and pop culture conventions in the world, showcasing a variety of media including comics, movies, and television. It serves as a major gathering for fans, creators, and industry professionals. source: comic-con.org
01 Aug Bert Blyleven reaches 3,000 strikeouts milestone: On August 1, 1986, Bert Blyleven became the 10th pitcher in Major League Baseball history to record 3,000 career strikeouts. Pitching for the Minnesota Twins against the Oakland Athletics, Blyleven achieved this milestone by striking out Mike Davis in the fifth inning. He finished the game with a career-high 15 strikeouts, leading the Twins to a 10-1 victory. Additionally, teammate Kirby Puckett hit for the cycle in the same game. source: mlb.com
02 Aug IBM introduces the PS/2 personal computer line: On August 2, 1986, IBM launched its PS/2 line of personal computers, which featured the Micro Channel Architecture and aimed to standardize PC hardware. This event marked a significant milestone in the personal computer era, influencing the design and compatibility of future PCs. The PS/2 series also introduced the 3.5-inch floppy disk, which became a standard storage medium for years to come. source: britannica.com
03 Aug First NFL 'American Bowl' in London: On August 3, 1986, the Chicago Bears defeated the Dallas Cowboys 17-6 in the inaugural NFL 'American Bowl' at London's Wembley Stadium. This preseason exhibition game marked the first NFL game played outside the United States, aiming to promote American football internationally. The event attracted a sellout crowd of 82,699 spectators, showcasing the growing interest in the sport beyond American borders. source: washingtonpost.com
04 Aug USFL suspends operations: On August 4, 1986, the United States Football League (USFL) announced the suspension of its operations. This marked a significant moment in the history of American football, impacting many players and fans. source: nytimes.com
05 Aug US Senate votes to maintain SDI funding: On August 5, 1986, the US Senate narrowly voted against proposed cuts to the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), commonly known as 'Star Wars.' Efforts to reduce SDI funding from $3.95 billion to $3.2 billion and $3.56 billion were both defeated by identical votes of 50 to 49. These votes reflected a growing concern in Congress about the affordability and clarity of the SDI program's objectives. source: washingtonpost.com
06 Aug Andrew Wyeth's secret art collection sold for millions: In August 1986, it was revealed that artist Andrew Wyeth had secretly created 240 works depicting a blonde woman named Helga Testorf over a 15-year period. These paintings, many of which were nude, were sold to Leonard Andrews for a reported multimillion-dollar sum. The collection was later exhibited at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., drawing significant public attention. source: washingtonpost.com
08 Aug MQM's first public meeting at Nishtar Park, Karachi: On August 8, 1986, the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) held its inaugural public meeting at Nishtar Park in Karachi, marking its emergence as a significant political force. The event was attended by thousands of Muhajir community members, where MQM leader Altaf Hussain declared Muhajirs as a distinct sub-nationality within Pakistan. This rally was pivotal in establishing MQM's presence in urban Sindh politics. source: en.wikipedia.org
09 Aug The Headington Shark Art Installation: On August 9, 1986, a 25-foot fiberglass shark sculpture was installed on the roof of 2 New High Street in Headington, Oxford, England. Commissioned by local radio presenter Bill Heine and created by sculptor John Buckley, the artwork, titled "Untitled 1986," was conceived as a protest against nuclear weapons and power, coinciding with the 41st anniversary of the Nagasaki atomic bombing. Despite initial opposition from Oxford City Council, the sculpture remains a notable landmark and was added to the Oxford Heritage Asset Register in 2022. source: bbc.com
10 Aug Billy Martin Day at Yankee Stadium: On August 10, 1986, the New York Yankees honored former manager Billy Martin by retiring his uniform number 1 and dedicating a plaque in Monument Park. During the ceremony, Martin stated, "I may not have been the greatest Yankee to put on the uniform, but I am the proudest." source: en.wikipedia.org
11 Aug Bob Tway wins 68th PGA Championship: Bob Tway secured his only major championship victory at the 1986 PGA Championship, held at Inverness Club in Toledo, Ohio. He clinched the title with a birdie on the 72nd hole, a bunker shot that led to a two-stroke win over Greg Norman. This victory was part of a remarkable season for Tway, who also won three other PGA Tour events that year. source: upi.com
12 Aug Iraqi aircraft raid Iran's Sirri Island, hitting three tankers: On August 12, 1986, Iraqi aircraft conducted a raid on Iran's Sirri Island, marking the first such attack on this location. The assault targeted three tankers, underscoring the intensifying conflict between the two nations in the Persian Gulf. source: en.wikipedia.org
13 Aug KRE-AM in Berkeley changes call letters to KBLX: On August 13, 1986, KRE-AM in Berkeley, California, changed its call letters to KBLX. The station, which began in 1922 as KRE, had undergone several call letter changes over the years, including KPAT in 1963 and back to KRE in 1972. The call letters KBLX were adopted in 1986, then changed to KBFN in 1989 and back to KBLX in 1990. The current call letters, KVTO, were adopted in 1994. source: brainyhistory.com
14 Aug Benazir Bhutto arrested during Independence Day protests in Pakistan: On August 14, 1986, opposition leader Benazir Bhutto was arrested in Karachi for addressing a rally defying a government ban on public gatherings. The rally, marking Pakistan's 39th Independence Day, led to violent clashes with police, resulting in at least four protesters killed in Lahore. Bhutto was detained for over three weeks before being released on September 8, 1986. source: washingtonpost.com
15 Aug Reagan orders construction of fourth space shuttle orbiter to replace Challenger: On August 15, 1986, President Ronald Reagan announced the decision to build a fourth space shuttle orbiter to replace the Challenger, which was destroyed on January 28, 1986. This move aimed to restore the shuttle fleet's capabilities and support future space exploration initiatives. Additionally, Reagan declared that NASA would cease launching commercial satellites, encouraging private industry to take over this role. source: reaganlibrary.gov
16 Aug Typhoon Wayne strikes South China Sea: Typhoon Wayne, known as Typhoon Miding in the Philippines, formed on August 16, 1986, in the South China Sea. It became a typhoon on August 19, causing significant damage and loss of life across Taiwan, the Philippines, and other regions. The typhoon dissipated on September 6, 1986. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 Aug Hurricane Charley makes landfall in North Carolina: On August 17, 1986, Hurricane Charley made landfall near Cape Lookout, North Carolina, as a Category 1 hurricane with winds of 75 mph. The storm caused tidal flooding, downed trees, and left about 8,000 people without power. A woman drowned near Cape Hatteras while attempting to drive through a flooded roadway. The estimated damage was $400,000 in 1986 dollars. source: weather.gov
18 Aug Earl Campbell retires from NFL at age 31: Earl Campbell, the renowned running back, announced his retirement from professional football on August 18, 1986, at the age of 31. After nine seasons in the NFL, Campbell concluded his career with 9,407 rushing yards and 74 touchdowns. His decision to retire was influenced by the physical toll the game had taken on his body, leading him to prioritize his health and family over continuing his playing career. source: latimes.com
19 Aug Car bomb explosion in Tehran's Ferdowsi Square kills at least 20: On August 19, 1986, a car bomb exploded in Tehran's Ferdowsi Square during the morning rush hour, killing at least 20 people and injuring scores of others. The blast damaged a bus, four cars, and seven motorcycles, and shattered windows in nearby buildings. The Islamic Republic News Agency reported that 50 pounds of TNT had been planted in the car, a French-made Jiyan. No group claimed responsibility for the attack, but the news agency blamed 'agents of international imperialism,' referring to anti-government underground groups such as the Mujahedeen. The Mujahedeen, in turn, accused the Iranian government of staging the bombing to tarnish the image of the Iranian people's resistance. source: latimes.com
20 Aug Edmond Post Office shooting: On August 20, 1986, Patrick Henry Sherrill, a 44-year-old part-time letter carrier, entered the Edmond, Oklahoma, post office armed with three semi-automatic pistols. He locked the doors and began shooting, killing 14 employees and injuring six others before committing suicide. The incident remains the deadliest workplace shooting in U.S. history and led to the coining of the term "going postal." source: washingtonpost.com
21 Aug Lake Nyos disaster: Deadly volcanic gas release: On August 21, 1986, a catastrophic limnic eruption at Lake Nyos in Cameroon released approximately 1.6 million tons of carbon dioxide gas, suffocating 1,746 people and thousands of livestock within a 25-kilometer radius. The gas cloud, heavier than air, descended into nearby valleys, displacing oxygen and causing rapid asphyxiation. The exact trigger for the eruption remains uncertain, with theories including a landslide, volcanic activity, or a minor earthquake. In response, a degassing system was installed at the lake to reduce CO₂ concentration and prevent future incidents. source: britannica.com
23 Aug Broadway musical 'Rags' closes after four performances: 'Rags,' a musical with a book by Joseph Stein, music by Charles Strouse, and lyrics by Stephen Schwartz, opened on Broadway at the Mark Hellinger Theatre on August 21, 1986. Despite a cast featuring Teresa Stratas and Judy Kuhn, the production received generally negative reviews and closed after only four performances on August 23, 1986. source: masterworksbroadway.com
24 Aug Juli Inkster wins Atlantic City LPGA Classic: Juli Inkster secured her eighth LPGA Tour victory at the inaugural Atlantic City LPGA Classic on August 24, 1986. She finished three strokes ahead of runner-up Patti Rizzo, with a winning score of 209 (−4). source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Aug Mark McGwire hits first Major League home run: On August 25, 1986, Oakland Athletics rookie Mark McGwire hit his first Major League home run off Detroit Tigers pitcher Walt Terrell in the fifth inning of an 8-4 victory at Tiger Stadium. This home run marked the beginning of McGwire's prolific career, during which he would go on to hit 583 home runs over 16 seasons. source: mlb.com
26 Aug Lake Nyos disaster in Cameroon caused by volcanic gas release: On August 26, 1986, a limnic eruption at Lake Nyos in Cameroon released a large cloud of carbon dioxide, resulting in the deaths of approximately 1,700 people and thousands of livestock. The gas, which displaced oxygen in the area, caused asphyxiation among the local population. This disaster highlighted the dangers of volcanic lakes and led to increased monitoring and safety measures in similar regions. source: britannica.com
27 Aug Mario Dewar Barrett, American R&B singer, born in Baltimore, Maryland: Mario Dewar Barrett, known professionally as Mario, is an American R&B singer born on August 27, 1986, in Baltimore, Maryland. He began his music career at a young age, signing with J Records at 14 and releasing his self-titled debut album in 2002. His second album, 'Turning Point' (2004), featured the hit single 'Let Me Love You,' which topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 Aug US Navy officer Jerry Whitworth sentenced to 365 years for espionage: On August 28, 1986, former Navy communications specialist Jerry Alfred Whitworth was sentenced to 365 years in prison for espionage and tax evasion. Whitworth was convicted of passing sensitive Navy code secrets to the Soviet Union from 1974 to 1985, as part of a spy ring led by John Anthony Walker Jr. The sentencing was one of the harshest in U.S. history for espionage, with no possibility of parole until Whitworth was 107 years old. source: washingtonpost.com
29 Aug Morocco breaks unity pact with Libya: On August 29, 1986, King Hassan II of Morocco announced the termination of the 'treaty of unity' with Libya, citing Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's accusation of treason for meeting Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres. The treaty, signed in August 1984, aimed to establish a union between the two nations and included a mutual defense pact. The dissolution followed Gaddafi's criticism of Hassan II's engagement with Israel, leading to strained relations and the eventual renouncement of the agreement. source: upi.com
30 Aug Arrest of Nicholas Daniloff in Moscow on espionage charges: On August 30, 1986, Nicholas Daniloff, a correspondent for U.S. News & World Report, was detained by Soviet authorities in Moscow on charges of espionage. The arrest occurred shortly after he met a Soviet acquaintance, Mikhail Anatolevich Luzin, who handed him a package containing maps and photographs marked 'top secret.' Daniloff was held in Lefortovo Prison for 13 days before being released into the custody of the U.S. Embassy. The incident strained U.S.-Soviet relations and was resolved through diplomatic negotiations, leading to Daniloff's return to the United States. source: washingtonpost.com
31 Aug Admiral Nakhimov maritime disaster: On August 31, 1986, the Soviet passenger liner Admiral Nakhimov collided with the bulk carrier Pyotr Vasev in the Black Sea near Novorossiysk, Russia. The collision resulted in the sinking of Admiral Nakhimov, leading to the deaths of 423 out of 1,234 people on board. The incident was attributed to 'criminal negligence' by the crews of both vessels. source: upi.com
01 Sep Jerry Lewis' 21st Muscular Dystrophy Telethon raises over $34 million: On September 1, 1986, the 21st annual Jerry Lewis Muscular Dystrophy Telethon raised a record $34,096,733 for the Muscular Dystrophy Association. The 22.5-hour broadcast featured numerous celebrities and was carried by nearly 200 television stations across the country. source: latimes.com
02 Sep Cathy Evelyn Smith sentenced for John Belushi's death: On September 2, 1986, Cathy Evelyn Smith, a former backup singer, was sentenced to three years in state prison for her role in the 1982 death of comedian John Belushi. Smith had pleaded no contest to involuntary manslaughter and three counts of furnishing and administering the drugs that led to Belushi's fatal overdose. source: latimes.com
03 Sep MLB record: Most players in a single game: On September 3, 1986, the Houston Astros and Chicago Cubs set a Major League Baseball record by utilizing 53 players in a single game. The game, which had been suspended after 14 innings the previous day, concluded with the Astros winning 8–7 in the 18th inning, thanks to Billy Hatcher's home run. source: en.wikipedia.org
04 Sep Formation of Eusko Alkartasuna, a Basque nationalist political party: On September 4, 1986, Carlos Garaikoetxea, former lehendakari (Basque President), led a split from the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) to form Eusko Alkartasuna (EA), a new political party advocating for Basque independence and social democracy. The official presentation of EA took place on October 20, 1986, at the Anoeta velodrome in San Sebastián. source: en.wikipedia.org
05 Sep Hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 in Karachi, Pakistan: On September 5, 1986, Pan Am Flight 73, a Boeing 747-121, was hijacked at Karachi's Jinnah International Airport by four armed members of the Abu Nidal Organization. The aircraft, en route from Mumbai to New York with a stopover in Karachi, was carrying 360 passengers and 19 crew members. The hijackers, disguised as airport security personnel, boarded the plane and took control, demanding to be flown to Cyprus to secure the release of Palestinian prisoners. During the 16-hour ordeal, the hijackers killed 21 passengers and injured over 100 others before Pakistani commandos stormed the aircraft, leading to the arrest of the hijackers. Senior Flight Purser Neerja Bhanot was posthumously honored for her bravery in saving numerous lives during the hijacking. source: britannica.com
06 Sep Pan Am Flight 73 hijacking incident: On September 6, 1986, Pan Am Flight 73 was hijacked by four armed men from the Abu Nidal Organization while it was on the ground in Karachi, Pakistan. The hijackers held the passengers hostage for 16 hours, resulting in the deaths of 20 people and injuries to many others. The incident highlighted vulnerabilities in airport security and led to changes in international aviation protocols. source: britannica.com
07 Sep Desmond Tutu becomes first Black Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town: On September 7, 1986, Desmond Tutu was enthroned as the Archbishop of Cape Town, becoming the first Black person to lead the Anglican Church in Southern Africa. His election was a significant milestone in the church's history, reflecting a shift towards inclusivity and recognition of Black leadership within the religious community. source: washingtonpost.com
08 Sep Nicholas Daniloff charged with espionage by Soviet authorities: On September 8, 1986, Soviet authorities formally charged Nicholas Daniloff, Moscow correspondent for U.S. News & World Report, with espionage. Daniloff had been arrested on August 30 after accepting a package from a Soviet acquaintance, which allegedly contained maps and photographs marked 'top secret.' The U.S. government protested the arrest, viewing it as retaliation for the earlier detention of Soviet UN employee Gennadi Zakharov in New York on espionage charges. source: washingtonpost.com
09 Sep Compaq introduces Deskpro 386, first 80386-based personal computer: On September 9, 1986, Compaq Computer Corporation unveiled the Deskpro 386, the first personal computer to feature Intel's 32-bit 80386 microprocessor. This marked a significant advancement in personal computing, offering enhanced performance and capabilities. The Deskpro 386 was priced at $6,499 for the Model 40, $7,299 for the Model 70, and $8,799 for the Model 130. source: latimes.com
10 Sep Bryan O'Connor appointed chairman of NASA's Space Flight Safety Panel: In September 1986, NASA appointed astronaut Bryan O'Connor as the chairman of its newly established Space Flight Safety Panel. The panel was tasked with overseeing all NASA manned space activities affecting flight safety, reporting directly to the Associate Administrator for Space Flight. O'Connor's appointment aimed to enhance the agency's commitment to astronaut safety following the Challenger disaster earlier that year. source: nasa.gov
11 Sep Egypt and Israel agree on Taba arbitration, paving way for summit: On September 11, 1986, Egypt and Israel reached an agreement on the arbitration of the Taba border dispute, clearing the way for a summit between Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres. The summit, held in Alexandria, marked the first meeting between the two nations' leaders in five years and aimed to improve bilateral relations and advance the Middle East peace process. source: washingtonpost.com
12 Sep Michael Jackson's 'Captain EO' premieres at Disney's EPCOT Center: On September 12, 1986, Michael Jackson's 3D film 'Captain EO' premiered at Disney's EPCOT Center in Orlando, Florida. Directed by Francis Ford Coppola and produced by George Lucas, the 17-minute film featured Jackson as Captain EO, delivering a musical message to the Supreme Leader, portrayed by Anjelica Huston. The attraction was notable for its innovative use of 3D and in-theater special effects, marking a significant advancement in theme park entertainment. source: michaeljackson.com
13 Sep The Economist introduces Big Mac Index: The Big Mac Index was introduced by The Economist on September 13, 1986, as a lighthearted way to measure purchasing power parity (PPP) between nations. It compares the price of a Big Mac in various countries to assess whether currencies are undervalued or overvalued. This index has since become a popular economic indicator. source: economist.com
14 Sep Walter Payton's 177-yard rushing performance against the Philadelphia Eagles: On September 14, 1986, during a game against the Philadelphia Eagles, Walter Payton achieved his highest rushing yardage of the 1986 season, recording 177 yards on 34 carries, including a touchdown. This performance contributed to the Chicago Bears' 13-10 overtime victory, improving their season record to 2–0. source: nfl.com
15 Sep L.A. Law television series premiere: L.A. Law, an American legal drama series, premiered on NBC on September 15, 1986. The show ran for eight seasons, concluding on May 19, 1994. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 Sep Kinross Gold Mine disaster in South Africa: On September 16, 1986, a catastrophic fire erupted at the Kinross Gold Mine in Mpumalanga, South Africa, resulting in the deaths of 177 miners and injuring 235 others. The disaster was triggered by a welding accident that ignited an acetylene cylinder, leading to a blaze that spread rapidly through the mine. The fire ignited polyurethane foam lining the tunnel walls and plastic wire coverings, releasing toxic fumes that suffocated the miners. This incident remains one of the deadliest mining disasters in South African history. source: washingtonpost.com
17 Sep William Rehnquist confirmed as Chief Justice of the United States: On September 17, 1986, the U.S. Senate confirmed William Rehnquist as the 16th Chief Justice of the United States by a 65-33 vote. He succeeded Warren E. Burger, who had retired. Rehnquist was sworn in on September 26, 1986. source: washingtonpost.com
18 Sep Motorola announces 68030 microprocessor: On September 18, 1986, Motorola announced the 68030 microprocessor, a 32-bit processor in the 68000 family. It featured a memory management unit (MMU) and instruction and data caches of 256 bytes each, offering improved performance over its predecessor, the 68020. The 68030 was released in 1987. source: en.wikipedia.org
19 Sep U.S. government announces expanded access to AZT for AIDS patients: On September 19, 1986, the U.S. government announced that AZT, an experimental anti-AIDS drug, would be made available to thousands of patients nationwide. Initial tests indicated that AZT could prolong the survival of some AIDS patients, leading to its wider distribution. Dr. Robert E. Windom, Assistant Secretary of Health, emphasized that while AZT showed promise, it was not a cure for AIDS. source: washingtonpost.com
21 Sep 38th Primetime Emmy Awards highlights: The 38th Primetime Emmy Awards were held on September 21, 1986, at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in California. Hosted by David Letterman and Shelley Long, the ceremony honored outstanding television achievements. 'The Golden Girls' won Outstanding Comedy Series, with Betty White receiving Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. 'Cagney & Lacey' secured Outstanding Drama Series, and 'Peter the Great' was named Outstanding Miniseries. The Governors' Award was presented to Red Skelton, who had been absent from television for 16 years. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Sep Stockholm Disarmament Accord signed by 35 nations: On September 22, 1986, the Conference on Confidence- and Security-Building Measures and Disarmament in Europe (CDE) adopted the Stockholm Document, an accord aimed at reducing the risk of war in Europe. The agreement required NATO and Warsaw Pact member nations to notify each other of major military activities, enhancing transparency and trust between the blocs. source: washingtonpost.com
23 Sep Jim Deshaies sets MLB record with 8 consecutive strikeouts to start game: On September 23, 1986, Houston Astros pitcher Jim Deshaies struck out the first eight batters he faced against the Los Angeles Dodgers, setting a Major League Baseball record. He achieved this feat in a 4-0 shutout victory, finishing the game with 10 strikeouts. source: mlb.com
25 Sep Nikolay Semyonov, Nobel laureate, dies at 90: Nikolay Semyonov, a Soviet physicist and chemist renowned for his work on chemical reactions, passed away in Moscow at the age of 90. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1956 for his research on the mechanism of chemical transformations. source: britannica.com
26 Sep William Rehnquist sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States: On September 26, 1986, William Rehnquist was sworn in as the 16th Chief Justice of the United States, succeeding Warren E. Burger. He had been nominated by President Ronald Reagan on June 20, 1986, and confirmed by the Senate on September 17, 1986, with a 65-33 vote. Rehnquist had served as an Associate Justice since 1972 before his elevation to Chief Justice. source: supremecourt.gov
27 Sep Tax Reform Act of 1986 passed by U.S. Congress: On September 27, 1986, the U.S. Senate passed the Tax Reform Act of 1986, a comprehensive overhaul of the federal tax code. The Act aimed to simplify the tax system, broaden the tax base, and eliminate numerous tax shelters and preferences. It reduced the top individual tax rate from 50% to 28%, increased the standard deduction and personal exemptions, and expanded the earned income tax credit, effectively removing approximately six million low-income Americans from the tax rolls. The Act also increased the corporate tax rate from 46% to 50% and eliminated various tax deductions, including those for rental housing, individual retirement accounts, and depreciation. source: congress.gov
28 Sep Democratic Progressive Party established as Taiwan's first opposition party: On September 28, 1986, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) was founded in Taiwan, marking the emergence of the island's first opposition party. This event signified a significant shift from decades of one-party rule under the Kuomintang (KMT), paving the way for Taiwan's transition to a multi-party democracy. source: britannica.com
29 Sep Mary Lou Retton announces retirement from gymnastics at age 18: On September 29, 1986, at 18, Mary Lou Retton, the first American woman to win the Olympic all-around gold medal in gymnastics, announced her retirement from competitive gymnastics. She expressed a desire to pursue studies in communications at the University of Texas and to remain involved with the sport as a coach and announcer. source: upi.com
30 Sep Mossad abducts Mordechai Vanunu in Rome: On September 30, 1986, Israeli nuclear whistleblower Mordechai Vanunu was abducted in Rome by agents of the Mossad, Israel's intelligence agency. Vanunu had previously revealed details of Israel's nuclear weapons program to the British press, leading to his abduction. He was drugged, bound, and secretly transported to Israel, where he was tried and convicted for treason and espionage, receiving an 18-year prison sentence. source: theguardian.com
01 Oct Goldwater-Nichols Act signed into law: The Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act was signed into law on October 1, 1986. This legislation aimed to improve the military's operational efficiency by enhancing the authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and promoting joint operations among the armed services. It marked a significant shift in the structure and command of the U.S. military. source: congress.gov
02 Oct Assassination attempt on Rajiv Gandhi: On October 2, 1986, an assailant fired at Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi during a ceremony at Raj Ghat, New Delhi. Gandhi escaped uninjured, but six people sustained minor injuries. The gunman, identified as Karamjit Singh, was apprehended and later sentenced to 14 years in prison. source: washingtonpost.com
04 Oct Queen Beatrix officially opens Oosterscheldekering dam: On October 4, 1986, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands officially opened the Oosterscheldekering dam, a key component of the Delta Works project designed to protect the country from flooding. The dam features adjustable gates that allow tidal seawater to ebb and flow under normal conditions but can be closed during severe storms to prevent inundation. The project began in April 1976 and was completed in June 1986. source: britannica.com
05 Oct Eugene Hasenfus captured in Nicaragua: On October 5, 1986, Eugene Hasenfus, a former U.S. Marine, was captured by Nicaraguan troops after his plane was shot down over southern Nicaragua. The aircraft was delivering weapons to U.S.-backed Contra rebels. Hasenfus parachuted to safety but was apprehended shortly after. His capture exposed covert U.S. operations supporting the Contras, leading to the Iran-Contra scandal. He was sentenced to 30 years in prison but was pardoned and released in December 1986. source: washingtonpost.com
06 Oct World Habitat Day established by the United Nations: World Habitat Day was established by the United Nations in 1986 to promote awareness of global housing issues and the right to adequate shelter. It is observed on the first Monday of October each year, focusing on the importance of sustainable urban development and the need for adequate housing for all. The day serves as a reminder of the collective responsibility to ensure that everyone has a safe and decent place to live. source: un.org
07 Oct Launch of The Independent newspaper in the UK: The Independent newspaper was launched on October 7, 1986, in the United Kingdom. It was established as a national daily newspaper with a focus on independent journalism and a liberal perspective. The paper aimed to provide an alternative to the existing press at the time, emphasizing quality reporting and analysis. source: britannica.com
08 Oct Mike Scott's dominant pitching performance in 1986 NLCS Game 1: On October 8, 1986, Houston Astros pitcher Mike Scott delivered a remarkable performance in Game 1 of the National League Championship Series against the New York Mets. He pitched a complete game, allowing only five hits and one walk while striking out 14 batters, leading the Astros to a 1-0 victory. The game's only run was a home run by Glenn Davis in the second inning. Scott's performance was so outstanding that he was named the NLCS Most Valuable Player, despite the Astros losing the series in six games. source: mlb.com
09 Oct Harry E. Claiborne removed from office after impeachment: On October 9, 1986, U.S. District Judge Harry E. Claiborne was removed from office following his impeachment by the House of Representatives on July 22, 1986, and subsequent conviction by the Senate. Claiborne had been convicted in 1984 for falsifying his income tax returns and sentenced to two years in prison. Despite his conviction, he refused to resign and continued to receive his judicial salary while incarcerated. His impeachment and removal marked the first time in 50 years that a federal judge was removed from office through impeachment proceedings. source: senate.gov
10 Oct 1986 San Salvador earthquake: On October 10, 1986, a 5.7 magnitude earthquake struck San Salvador, El Salvador, causing significant damage and loss of life. The tremor resulted in approximately 1,000 to 1,500 fatalities, 10,000 injuries, and left 200,000 people homeless. Major structures, including the eight-story Bloom Children's Hospital and the ten-story Ruben Dario commercial building, collapsed, leading to numerous casualties. The earthquake also triggered landslides, further exacerbating the destruction. In response, President José Napoleón Duarte established the Earthquake Reconstruction Committee to rebuild and modernize the city. source: washingtonpost.com
11 Oct Reykjavík Summit between Reagan and Gorbachev: On October 11–12, 1986, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev held a summit in Reykjavík, Iceland. The talks aimed to explore arms control and other bilateral issues. Despite significant progress, particularly in arms reduction discussions, the summit concluded without a formal agreement, primarily due to disagreements over the U.S. Strategic Defense Initiative. However, the meeting set the stage for future arms control agreements, notably the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. source: reaganlibrary.gov
12 Oct Queen Elizabeth II's state visit to China begins: On October 12, 1986, Queen Elizabeth II arrived in Beijing for a six-day state visit, marking the first time a British monarch visited China. The visit aimed to strengthen Sino-British relations and address the future of Hong Kong, which was set to be transferred to Chinese sovereignty in 1997. During her stay, the Queen met with Chinese leaders, including President Li Xiannian and Premier Zhao Ziyang, and visited historical sites such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City. source: washingtonpost.com
13 Oct Baseball becomes Olympic medal sport: On October 13, 1986, the International Olympic Committee voted to include baseball as an official Olympic medal sport, starting with the 1992 Summer Games in Barcelona. Previously, baseball had been played as a demonstration sport at the 1984 and 1988 Olympics. The decision was influenced by the success of baseball's demonstration tournaments, particularly the 1984 Los Angeles Games, which attracted over 350,000 spectators. source: wbsc.org
14 Oct Elie Wiesel awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1986: Elie Wiesel, a Holocaust survivor and prominent author, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986 for his efforts to combat violence, repression, and racism. The Nobel Committee recognized his commitment to human rights and his advocacy for peace, particularly through his writings and public speaking. Wiesel's work has had a lasting impact on discussions surrounding the Holocaust and human dignity. source: britannica.com
15 Oct New York Mets win National League Championship Series: On October 15, 1986, the New York Mets clinched the National League Championship Series (NLCS) by defeating the Houston Astros 7–6 in a 16-inning Game 6 at the Astrodome. This victory secured the Mets' first NL pennant since 1973, allowing them to advance to the World Series, where they eventually triumphed over the Boston Red Sox. source: baseball-reference.com
16 Oct Wole Soyinka awarded Nobel Prize in Literature: Wole Soyinka, a Nigerian playwright and poet, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on October 16, 1986. He became the first African laureate to receive this honor, recognized for his extensive body of work that explores themes of oppression and human rights. His contributions to literature and activism have had a profound impact on both African and global culture. source: britannica.com
17 Oct US Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 enacted: The US Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) was signed into law on November 6, 1986. It aimed to address illegal immigration by providing amnesty to certain undocumented immigrants and implementing measures to prevent future illegal immigration. The act also established penalties for employers who knowingly hired undocumented workers. source: congress.gov
18 Oct Boston Red Sox win World Series Game 1 against New York Mets: In the 1986 World Series opener on October 18, the Boston Red Sox defeated the New York Mets 1-0 at Shea Stadium. Red Sox pitcher Bruce Hurst delivered a stellar performance, pitching eight scoreless innings and allowing only four hits. The game's only run came in the seventh inning when Mets second baseman Tim Teufel committed an error, allowing Jim Rice to score from second base. source: baseball-reference.com
19 Oct Samora Machel, President of Mozambique, dies in plane crash: On October 19, 1986, President Samora Machel of Mozambique died in a plane crash near Mbuzini, South Africa, while returning from a meeting in Zambia. The Soviet-built Tupolev Tu-134A aircraft, carrying Machel and 43 others, crashed in mountainous terrain, resulting in 34 fatalities, including Machel and several government officials. Nine passengers and one crew member survived the disaster. source: washingtonpost.com
20 Oct Aeroflot Flight 6502 crashes in Kuibyshev, killing 70 people: On October 20, 1986, Aeroflot Flight 6502, a Tupolev Tu-134A, crashed during its approach to Kuibyshev Airport (now Samara International Airport) in the Soviet Union. The accident resulted in the deaths of 70 of the 94 passengers and crew on board. Investigations revealed that the crash was caused by pilot negligence, as the captain attempted a blind, instrument-only approach to win a bet, disregarding safety protocols and air traffic control instructions. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Oct Compact of Free Association between the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands enters into force: On October 21, 1986, the Compact of Free Association between the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands became effective, establishing a relationship of free association between the two nations. This agreement provided the Marshall Islands with economic assistance, defense provisions, and other benefits, while granting the U.S. certain defense and operational rights within the territory. source: archives.gov
22 Oct WNBC Radio's traffic helicopter crashes into Hudson River, killing reporter Jane Dornacker: On October 22, 1986, during a live traffic report for WNBC Radio, Jane Dornacker's Enstrom F-28 helicopter suffered a mechanical failure and plunged into the Hudson River. Dornacker was killed on impact, while pilot Bill Pate survived but was severely injured. The crash underscored the importance of mechanical reliability in news helicopters. source: nytimes.com
23 Oct Keith Haring's mural on the Berlin Wall: In 1986, artist Keith Haring created a mural on the Berlin Wall, symbolizing hope and freedom during a time of division in Germany. The mural featured Haring's signature vibrant colors and bold lines, reflecting his commitment to social issues. This artwork became an iconic representation of the cultural and political changes leading up to the fall of the Wall in 1989. source: bbc.com
24 Oct Nezar Hindawi sentenced to 45 years for attempted El Al bombing: On October 24, 1986, Nezar Hindawi was sentenced to 45 years in prison for attempting to bomb El Al Flight 016 at Heathrow Airport. This was the longest sentence ever handed down by a British court at that time. Following the verdict, the United Kingdom severed diplomatic relations with Syria, alleging that Syrian officials had assisted Hindawi in the terrorist plot. source: washingtonpost.com
25 Oct Mets win World Series with Buckner's infamous error: On October 25, 1986, during Game 6 of the World Series between the New York Mets and the Boston Red Sox, Mets' Mookie Wilson hit a ground ball that rolled through Red Sox first baseman Bill Buckner's legs, allowing Ray Knight to score the winning run. This error tied the series at 3-3, leading to a decisive Game 7, which the Mets won to claim their second World Series title. source: history.com
26 Oct Statue of Liberty Centennial Celebration held on October 26, 1986: The Statue of Liberty Centennial Celebration took place on October 26, 1986, marking the 100th anniversary of the statue's dedication. The event featured a grand parade, fireworks, and speeches from notable figures, including President Ronald Reagan. This celebration highlighted the statue's significance as a symbol of freedom and democracy. source: nps.gov
27 Oct London Stock Exchange Big Bang deregulation: On October 27, 1986, the London Stock Exchange underwent significant deregulation known as the 'Big Bang.' This event transformed the trading environment by allowing electronic trading and removing fixed commission rates, leading to increased competition and innovation in the financial markets. The Big Bang is often credited with revitalizing London's position as a global financial center. source: bbc.com
28 Oct Jeremy Bamber convicted of multiple murders in 1986: On October 28, 1986, Jeremy Bamber was convicted of the murders of five family members at his home in Essex, England. The case, which involved the deaths of his adoptive parents, sister, and her two children, garnered significant media attention and has been the subject of ongoing debate regarding Bamber's guilt. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and has maintained his innocence since the conviction. source: bbc.com
29 Oct Margaret Thatcher opens M25 motorway: On October 29, 1986, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher officially opened the final section of the M25 London Orbital Motorway, completing the 117-mile ring road around Greater London. The motorway, which had been under construction since 1975, was built at a cost of nearly £1 billion and utilized over two million tonnes of concrete. Despite its initial design to accommodate 100,000 vehicles daily, the M25 quickly became notorious for heavy congestion, earning nicknames like "Britain's biggest car park." source: bbc.co.uk
30 Oct Space Shuttle Discovery undergoes extensive modifications in preparation for Return to Flight mission: Following the Challenger disaster in January 1986, NASA initiated over 200 modifications to the Space Shuttle program to enhance safety. On October 30, 1986, Space Shuttle Discovery was moved to the Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) at Kennedy Space Center, where these modifications were implemented to prepare the vehicle for its Return to Flight mission, STS-26, scheduled for September 1988. source: nasa.gov
31 Oct Robert S. Mulliken, Nobel laureate, dies at 90: Robert S. Mulliken, an American physical chemist renowned for developing molecular orbital theory, passed away on October 31, 1986, in Arlington, Virginia. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1966 for his fundamental work on chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules. source: nobelprize.org
01 Nov Chemical spill turns Rhine red: On November 1, 1986, a catastrophic fire at the Sandoz chemical factory in Basel, Switzerland, led to the release of approximately 30 tons of toxic chemicals into the Rhine River. The pollutants, including pesticides and mercury, turned the river red and resulted in the death of at least half a million fish. The contamination affected water supplies across four countries: Switzerland, France, Germany, and the Netherlands. source: news.bbc.co.uk
02 Nov David Jacobsen released after 17 months in captivity in Lebanon: David Jacobsen, administrator of the American University Hospital in Beirut, was released by the Islamic Jihad after 17 months of captivity. He was freed near the former U.S. Embassy in west Beirut and was later flown to Wiesbaden, West Germany, for medical evaluation. Jacobsen's release raised hopes for the freedom of other American hostages held in Lebanon. source: washingtonpost.com
03 Nov Iran-Contra Affair exposed in U.S. media: On November 3, 1986, the Iran-Contra Affair was publicly revealed when a Lebanese magazine reported that the U.S. had been secretly selling arms to Iran. This scandal involved the diversion of funds from these sales to support Contra rebels in Nicaragua, circumventing Congress. The revelations led to significant political fallout and investigations into the actions of the Reagan administration. source: archives.gov
04 Nov Democrats regain control of the U.S. Senate in 1986 midterm elections: In the 1986 midterm elections held on November 4, the Democratic Party gained a net of eight seats in the U.S. Senate, defeating seven Republican incumbents and winning two open seats. This shift resulted in the Democrats regaining control of the Senate for the first time since January 1981, with a 55–45 majority. Notable victories included Harry Reid's win in Nevada and Wyche Fowler's victory in Georgia. source: washingtonpost.com
05 Nov US Navy ships visit Qingdao, China: On November 5, 1986, three U.S. Navy warships—the guided missile cruiser USS Reeves (CG-24), guided missile frigate USS Rentz (FFG-46), and destroyer USS Oldendorf (DD-972)—arrived in Qingdao, China, marking the first U.S. naval visit to China since 1949. The visit aimed to strengthen Sino-American military relations and featured a welcoming ceremony with Chinese officials. During their stay, U.S. sailors engaged in cultural exchanges, including tours of local factories and the Tsingtao brewery. source: washingtonpost.com
06 Nov Reagan signs Immigration Reform and Control Act: On November 6, 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed the Immigration Reform and Control Act into law. This legislation aimed to address illegal immigration by providing a pathway to legal status for certain undocumented immigrants while also imposing penalties on employers who hired unauthorized workers. The act was a significant shift in U.S. immigration policy, reflecting a compromise between various political interests. source: congress.gov
07 Nov Document shredding in Iran-Contra affair occurred on November 7, 1986: On November 7, 1986, key documents related to the Iran-Contra affair were shredded as part of efforts to conceal the U.S. government's involvement in the illegal arms trade and funding of Nicaraguan rebels. This act was part of a broader scandal that involved senior officials in the Reagan administration and raised significant legal and ethical questions. source: archives.gov
08 Nov Vyacheslav Molotov dies at 96 in Moscow: Vyacheslav Molotov, a prominent Soviet politician and diplomat, died on November 8, 1986, in Moscow at the age of 96. He was a close associate of Joseph Stalin and played a key role in Soviet foreign policy during and after World War II. Molotov's death was announced by the official Soviet news agency, Tass, which reported that he passed away after a lengthy illness. source: britannica.com
09 Nov Election of Patriarch Teoctist Arăpașu: On November 9, 1986, Teoctist Arăpașu was elected as the Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church, succeeding Patriarch Iustin. He was subsequently enthroned on November 16, 1986, as Archbishop of Bucharest, Metropolitan of Muntenia, and Patriarch of Romania. Patriarch Teoctist served until his death on July 30, 2007. source: patriarhia.ro
10 Nov Bangladesh Constitution restored after martial law: On November 10, 1986, the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh passed the Seventh Amendment to the Constitution, ratifying the actions of the military regime led by Hussain Muhammad Ershad. This amendment validated all martial law proclamations, regulations, and orders issued between March 24, 1982, and November 11, 1986, effectively restoring the Constitution and ending the period of martial law. The following day, martial law was officially lifted, marking a significant step towards the return of parliamentary democracy in Bangladesh. source: en.wikipedia.org
11 Nov François Trinh-Duc: French rugby player profile: François Trinh-Duc, born on November 11, 1986, in Montpellier, France, is a former French rugby union player who played as a fly-half and center. He began his professional career with Montpellier Hérault Rugby in 2004, making his Top 14 debut against Biarritz Olympique. Trinh-Duc earned 66 caps for the French national team between 2008 and 2018, participating in three Rugby World Cups (2011, 2015, 2019) and contributing to France's Grand Slam victory in the 2010 Six Nations Championship. After leaving Montpellier in 2016, he played for RC Toulon, Racing 92, and Union Bordeaux Bègles before retiring from professional rugby. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Nov Greater Manchester Police investigate Moors Murders: In November 1986, following a letter from Keith Bennett's mother, Myra Hindley cooperated with police to identify burial sites on Saddleworth Moor. Despite extensive searches, no additional bodies were found. source: news.bbc.co.uk
13 Nov Reagan admits to secret arms sales to Iran: On November 13, 1986, President Ronald Reagan publicly acknowledged the secret sale of small amounts of defensive weapons and spare parts to Iran. He stated that these deliveries were intended to signal a new relationship with Iran and were not part of an exchange for hostages. Reagan emphasized that the shipments were modest and could fit into a single cargo plane, asserting they did not affect the military balance between Iran and Iraq. source: reaganlibrary.gov
14 Nov Taiwan earthquake of 1986 caused significant damage and casualties: On November 14, 1986, a powerful earthquake struck Taiwan, registering a magnitude of 7.1. The quake resulted in extensive damage, particularly in the central region, and led to the loss of over 1,000 lives. It prompted significant changes in building codes and disaster preparedness in Taiwan. source: usgs.gov
15 Nov Beastie Boys release 'Licensed to Ill', first rap album to top Billboard 200: On November 15, 1986, the Beastie Boys released their debut album, 'Licensed to Ill', marking the first rap album to reach number one on the Billboard 200 chart. Produced by Rick Rubin, the album blended hip-hop with rock elements and featured hit singles like '(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)'. It was certified Diamond by the RIAA in 2015 for shipping over ten million copies in the United States. source: euronews.com
16 Nov The Singing Detective TV drama premiere: The first episode of 'The Singing Detective,' a six-part BBC television serial drama written by Dennis Potter and directed by Jon Amiel, premiered on November 16, 1986. The series starred Michael Gambon as Philip E. Marlow, a writer hospitalized due to psoriatic arthropathy, whose vivid imagination leads him through a surreal journey blending reality and fiction. The show was broadcast on BBC One from November 16 to December 21, 1986. source: bbc.com
17 Nov Japan Airlines Flight 1628 UFO incident details: On November 17, 1986, Japan Airlines Flight 1628, a cargo flight, reported a UFO sighting while flying over Alaska. The crew observed a large, unidentified object that followed their plane for approximately 50 minutes. The incident was investigated by the FAA and remains one of the most notable UFO sightings in aviation history. source: bbc.com
18 Nov Death of Gia Carangi, pioneering model and AIDS victim: Gia Carangi, an American supermodel considered by some to be the first supermodel, died on November 18, 1986, at the age of 26 due to AIDS-related complications. She was known for her appearances on the covers of Vogue and Cosmopolitan and for her work with fashion houses like Armani, Dior, Versace, and Yves Saint Laurent. Carangi's life and career were dramatized in the 1998 HBO film 'Gia,' starring Angelina Jolie. source: en.wikipedia.org
19 Nov Mike Schmidt wins National League MVP for third time: On November 19, 1986, Mike Schmidt of the Philadelphia Phillies was named the National League Most Valuable Player for the third time in his career. Schmidt led the league with 37 home runs and 119 RBIs, batting .290. He received 15 first-place votes, surpassing Houston's Glenn Davis and New York's Gary Carter. source: upi.com
20 Nov Rose designated as US National Floral Emblem: On November 20, 1986, President Ronald Reagan signed Proclamation 5574, officially designating the rose as the National Floral Emblem of the United States. This proclamation recognized the rose's longstanding cultural significance and its symbolism of life, love, and devotion in American society. source: reaganlibrary.gov
21 Nov Oliver North and Fawn Hall begin shredding Iran-Contra documents: On November 21, 1986, National Security Council staff member Oliver North and his secretary, Fawn Hall, began destroying documents related to the Iran-Contra affair. This action aimed to conceal their involvement in the illegal sale of arms to Iran and the diversion of proceeds to Nicaraguan rebels. The destruction of these documents became a significant aspect of the subsequent investigations into the scandal. source: washingtonpost.com
22 Nov Mike Tyson becomes youngest heavyweight champion: On November 22, 1986, at 20 years and 145 days old, Mike Tyson defeated Trevor Berbick by technical knockout in the second round to become the youngest heavyweight champion in boxing history. source: history.com
24 Nov Susan Sontag publishes "The Way We Live Now" in The New Yorker: On November 24, 1986, Susan Sontag's short story "The Way We Live Now" was published in The New Yorker. The story, presented as fragments of conversation among friends of an unnamed man hospitalized with AIDS, offers a poignant exploration of the early AIDS crisis and its impact on New York's cultural elite. It remains a significant work in the literature of the epidemic. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Nov Iran-Contra Affair revelations lead to major political fallout: On November 25, 1986, the Iran-Contra Affair was publicly revealed, exposing a secret U.S. operation that facilitated arms sales to Iran, with proceeds funding Contra rebels in Nicaragua. This scandal raised significant ethical and legal questions about U.S. foreign policy and led to investigations by Congress and a special prosecutor. The revelations had lasting impacts on American politics and public trust in government. source: archives.gov
26 Nov Reagan announces Tower Commission for Iran-Contra investigation: On November 26, 1986, President Ronald Reagan announced the establishment of a Special Review Board, known as the Tower Commission, to investigate the Iran-Contra affair. The commission was chaired by former Senator John Tower and included former Secretary of State Edmund Muskie and former National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft. It began its work on December 1, 1986, and released its report on February 26, 1987. source: reaganlibrary.gov
28 Nov OPEC reaches oil production accord: On November 28, 1986, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) reached an agreement to cut oil production in an effort to stabilize falling oil prices. The accord aimed to reduce the group's total output by more than 3.5 million barrels per day, with Saudi Arabia agreeing to cut production from 6 million to 4.35 million barrels per day, and Kuwait from 1.6 million to 900,000 barrels per day. Iran agreed to limit its production to 2.3 million barrels per day, while Iraq was exempted from the cuts. The agreement was intended to bolster oil prices, which had declined significantly due to overproduction and market glut. source: washingtonpost.com
29 Nov Suriname Moiwana Village Massacre: On November 29, 1986, during the Surinamese Interior War, the Suriname National Army attacked the Maroon village of Moiwana, resulting in the deaths of at least 39 villagers, primarily women and children. The soldiers systematically massacred the residents and burned down the village. Survivors fled to neighboring French Guiana, where they lived in refugee camps until the early 1990s. In 2005, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights held the Surinamese government responsible for the massacre, mandating compensation for survivors and prosecution of those responsible. source: en.wikipedia.org
30 Nov Death of actor Cary Grant: Cary Grant, the iconic British-American actor known for his roles in classic films such as "North by Northwest" and "The Philadelphia Story," passed away on November 30, 1986. He died of a stroke at the age of 82 in Davenport, Iowa. Grant's legacy in Hollywood remains significant, influencing generations of actors and filmmakers. source: britannica.com
02 Dec Desi Arnaz dies of lung cancer at 69: Desi Arnaz, the Cuban-born actor and musician best known for co-starring with Lucille Ball in "I Love Lucy," died of lung cancer at his home in Del Mar, California, on December 2, 1986, at the age of 69. source: washingtonpost.com
03 Dec Austin Hayes, Irish footballer, dies at 28: Austin Hayes, an English-born footballer of Irish descent, passed away on December 3, 1986, at the age of 28. He played as a left winger for clubs including Southampton, Millwall, and Northampton Town, and earned one cap for the Republic of Ireland national team in 1979. Hayes died from lung cancer, just three weeks after his diagnosis. source: en.wikipedia.org
04 Dec Neil Simon's 'Broadway Bound' premieres on Broadway: Neil Simon's semi-autobiographical play 'Broadway Bound' premiered on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theatre on December 4, 1986. The play, the third in Simon's Eugene trilogy, ran for 756 performances before closing on September 25, 1988. source: ibdb.com
05 Dec NASA launches FLTSATCOM-7 satellite: On December 5, 1986, NASA successfully launched the FLTSATCOM-7 satellite, also known as USA-20, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The satellite was deployed into a geostationary orbit to provide secure communications for the U.S. Navy and Air Force. The launch was conducted using an Atlas G Centaur rocket from Launch Complex 36B. source: spacelaunchschedule.com
06 Dec Musée d'Orsay opens in Paris: The Musée d'Orsay, a renowned art museum in Paris, officially opened its doors on December 6, 1986. Housed in a former railway station, it showcases French art from 1848 to 1914, including an extensive collection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist masterpieces. source: en.wikipedia.org
07 Dec Jean-Claude Duvalier flees Haiti amid popular uprising: On December 7, 1986, Jean-Claude Duvalier, the Haitian dictator, fled the country as a result of widespread protests and civil unrest. His departure marked the end of a 15-year regime characterized by repression and human rights abuses. Following his flight, Haiti entered a period of political instability and transition. source: britannica.com
08 Dec Jim Wright elected as House Speaker of the United States: On December 8, 1986, Jim Wright was elected as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He succeeded Tip O'Neill and became the first Texan to hold the position. Wright served as Speaker until 1989, during which he played a significant role in legislative processes and Democratic Party leadership. source: congress.gov
10 Dec Elie Wiesel awarded Nobel Peace Prize for humanitarian efforts: Elie Wiesel, a Holocaust survivor and author, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, 1986, for his efforts to combat violence, repression, and racism. His work emphasized the importance of remembering the past and advocating for human rights. Wiesel's writings and activism have had a lasting impact on global awareness of human rights issues. source: britannica.com
11 Dec South Africa imposes severe press censorship measures: On December 11, 1986, the South African government implemented stringent press censorship regulations, effectively prohibiting the reporting of organized opposition to apartheid without prior clearance from state censors. These measures aimed to suppress coverage of violence, unlawful gatherings, strikes, boycotts, and statements deemed 'subversive,' even if made by members of Parliament outside official chambers. The regulations applied to both local and foreign journalists and included penalties of up to 10 years' imprisonment for violations. The government established a censorship center to review and approve material intended for publication or broadcast, marking one of the harshest press censorship systems globally at that time. source: washingtonpost.com
12 Dec Aeroflot Flight 892 crashes near Berlin-Schönefeld Airport: On December 12, 1986, Aeroflot Flight 892, a Tupolev Tu-134A, crashed while approaching Berlin-Schönefeld Airport in East Germany, resulting in 72 fatalities and 10 survivors. The accident occurred due to a miscommunication between the crew and air traffic control, leading the aircraft to land on a closed runway. The crash was exacerbated by dense fog and poor visibility conditions. source: washingtonpost.com
13 Dec Notable deaths on December 13, 1986: On December 13, 1986, several notable individuals passed away, including the American actor and comedian, John Belushi, and the British author, John Wyndham. Their contributions to entertainment and literature left a lasting impact on their respective fields. Belushi was known for his work on 'Saturday Night Live' and films like 'Animal House', while Wyndham is celebrated for his science fiction novels such as 'The Day of the Triffids'. source: britannica.com
14 Dec Qasba Aligarh massacre occurred on December 14, 1986: The Qasba Aligarh massacre took place on December 14, 1986, in Aligarh, India, where a mob attacked a Muslim community, resulting in numerous deaths and injuries. This incident was part of a larger pattern of communal violence in India during that period, highlighting tensions between different religious groups. The massacre led to widespread outrage and calls for justice, impacting communal relations in the region. source: thehindu.com
15 Dec Deadly ethnic riots in Karachi: On December 15, 1986, Karachi experienced severe ethnic violence between the Pathan and Muhajir communities, resulting in at least 150 deaths and hundreds of injuries. The unrest began on December 14 with the Qasba–Aligarh massacre, where armed Pathans attacked Muhajir residential areas in retaliation for a government crackdown on drug and arms markets. The violence escalated over the next two days, leading to widespread destruction and prompting military intervention to restore order. source: washingtonpost.com
16 Dec Jeltoqsan Uprising in Alma-Ata on December 16, 1986: The Jeltoqsan Uprising, also known as the December Events, occurred in Alma-Ata (now Almaty), Kazakhstan, on December 16, 1986. It was a significant protest against the Soviet government's decision to appoint a Russian leader to the Kazakh SSR, which sparked widespread unrest among the local population. The uprising was met with a heavy crackdown by Soviet authorities, leading to numerous arrests and casualties. source: britannica.com
17 Dec US Congress begins investigation into Iran-Contra Affair: On December 17, 1986, the US Congress initiated an investigation into the Iran-Contra Affair, a political scandal involving the secret sale of arms to Iran and the diversion of proceeds to Contra rebels in Nicaragua. This investigation aimed to uncover the extent of government involvement and accountability in the controversial operations that bypassed congressional restrictions. source: archives.gov
18 Dec Robert Gates appointed Acting CIA Director: On December 18, 1986, Robert M. Gates was appointed Acting Director of Central Intelligence, following the illness of William J. Casey. Gates had been serving as Deputy Director for Intelligence since January 1982 and was promoted to Deputy Director of Central Intelligence in April 1986. He served as Acting Director until May 26, 1987, when William H. Webster succeeded him. source: cia.gov
19 Dec Andrei Sakharov returns to Moscow after exile: Andrei Sakharov, the prominent Soviet physicist and human rights activist, returned to Moscow on December 19, 1986, after being exiled for nearly seven years. His return marked a significant moment in the Soviet Union's political landscape, symbolizing a shift towards greater openness under Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika. Sakharov's advocacy for human rights and nuclear disarmament had made him a key figure in the struggle for reform in the USSR. source: britannica.com
20 Dec Michael Griffith killed in Howard Beach hate crime: On December 20, 1986, Michael Griffith, a 23-year-old Black man, was fatally struck by a car after being chased onto the Belt Parkway by a group of white teenagers in Howard Beach, Queens, New York. Griffith and his friends, Cedric Sandiford and Timothy Grimes, had entered the predominantly white neighborhood seeking assistance after their car broke down. They were confronted and attacked by the group, leading Griffith to flee onto the highway, where he was killed. The incident intensified racial tensions in New York City and led to widespread protests. Three teenagers—Jon Lester, Scott Kern, and Jason Ladone—were convicted of manslaughter in connection with Griffith's death. source: nytimes.com
21 Dec Death of Willy Coppens, Belgian Military Pilot: Willy Omer François Jean Coppens de Houthulst, Belgium's leading fighter ace and champion 'balloon buster' of World War I, died on December 21, 1986, in De Panne, Belgium. He was credited with 37 confirmed victories and six probables during the war. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Dec Death of British Liberal MP David Penhaligon in Car Crash: David Penhaligon, a British Liberal Member of Parliament for Truro, died in a car accident on December 22, 1986, near Probus, Cornwall. He was 42 years old at the time of his death. source: cornwalllive.com
23 Dec Voyager completes first non-stop, non-refueled flight around the world: On December 23, 1986, the Rutan Model 76 Voyager, piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, completed the first non-stop, non-refueled flight around the world. The journey began on December 14, 1986, from Edwards Air Force Base, California, and lasted nine days, covering a distance of 40,212 kilometers (24,987 miles). The aircraft, designed by Burt Rutan, was constructed almost entirely of lightweight graphite-honeycomb composite materials and carried 4,576 liters (1,006.6 gallons) of fuel. The flight averaged 186.11 km/h (115.65 mph) and set a new flight endurance record. source: airandspace.si.edu
24 Dec French hostage Aurel Cornea released in Beirut as Christmas gesture: Aurel Cornea, a French television soundman, was released in Beirut on December 24, 1986, after being held hostage for over nine months. The Revolutionary Justice Organization, a pro-Iranian Shiite group, freed Cornea as a Christmas gesture following mediation by Syria, Iran, and Algeria. Cornea was part of a four-member French television crew kidnapped in March 1986. His colleagues, Philippe Rochot and Georges Hansen, were released earlier in June 1986, while Jean-Louis Normandin was freed in November 1987. source: washingtonpost.com
25 Dec Hijacking of Iraqi Airways Flight 163 leads to deadly crash in Saudi Arabia: On December 25, 1986, Iraqi Airways Flight 163, a Boeing 737-270C, was hijacked by four men during its flight from Baghdad to Amman. Security personnel attempted to intervene, but a hand grenade exploded in the passenger cabin, prompting an emergency descent. A second grenade detonated in the cockpit, causing the aircraft to crash near Arar, Saudi Arabia, resulting in 63 fatalities and 43 survivors. The pro-Iranian group Islamic Jihad Organization claimed responsibility, and one hijacker was identified as Lebanese national Ribal Khalil Jallul, linked to Hezbollah. Iraq accused Iran of orchestrating the attack. source: nytimes.com
26 Dec End of 'Search for Tomorrow' TV Soap Opera: 'Search for Tomorrow,' the longest-running daytime soap opera in television history, concluded its 35-year run on December 26, 1986. The show, which premiered on CBS in 1951 and moved to NBC in 1982, faced declining ratings leading to its cancellation. The final episode featured lead character Joanne Tourneur, portrayed by Mary Stuart, reflecting on the future, symbolizing the show's enduring legacy. source: upi.com
27 Dec Les Misérables opens at Kennedy Center Opera House in Washington, D.C.: On December 27, 1986, the musical 'Les Misérables' made its U.S. debut with a pre-Broadway run at the Kennedy Center Opera House in Washington, D.C. The production faced technical challenges, including a malfunctioning rotating stage that led to the cancellation of two performances. Despite these issues, the show ran for eight weeks, from December 27, 1986, to February 14, 1987, before moving to Broadway in March 1987. source: washingtonpost.com
28 Dec Australia defeats Sweden in 75th Davis Cup Final: On December 28, 1986, Australia clinched their 26th Davis Cup title by defeating Sweden 3-2 in the final held at Kooyong Stadium in Melbourne. Pat Cash secured the decisive point by overcoming Mikael Pernfors in a five-set match. This victory marked Australia's first Davis Cup win since 1983. source: latimes.com
29 Dec Harold Macmillan dies at 92: Harold Macmillan, former British Prime Minister from 1957 to 1963, died peacefully at his home in Birch Grove, Sussex, on December 29, 1986, at the age of 92. He was surrounded by his family at the time of his passing. source: britannica.com
31 Dec Dupont Plaza Hotel arson in San Juan, Puerto Rico: On December 31, 1986, three hotel employees set a fire in the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, resulting in 97 deaths and 140 injuries. The fire began in a storage room adjacent to the ballroom and rapidly spread to the casino and lobby areas. The perpetrators were convicted of murder and arson, receiving sentences ranging from 75 to 99 years in prison. source: washingtonpost.com

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