Major Events of 1900: Key Historical Moments You Need to Know

Every year brings its own set of pivotal moments that leave a lasting mark on history. From political shifts and technological advancements to cultural breakthroughs, these events shape the world and influence the future. In this comprehensive overview, we'll explore the most significant occurrences from 1900, highlighting key moments that continue to impact our lives today.

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Major Events of 1900 - Historical Moments That Defined the Year | TakeMeBack.to

01 Jan First Electric Bus in New York City: New York City introduced its first electric bus, representing a significant milestone in urban transportation technology and the gradual transition from horse-drawn to electric vehicles.
02 Jan Open Door Policy with China: The Open Door Policy with China was reaffirmed by the United States in 1900, emphasizing equal trading rights for all nations. This policy was crucial in maintaining U.S. interests in China amidst growing imperialist pressures from other nations. source: history.state.gov
03 Jan United States population census: The United States conducted its 12th census in 1900, which recorded a population of approximately 76 million. This census was significant for understanding demographic changes in the U.S. at the turn of the century. source: census.gov
04 Jan Liquor Regulations in Manila: General Elwell Otis, the highest-ranking American military officer in the Philippines, implemented the first comprehensive liquor sale regulations in Manila, reflecting the emerging American administrative control.
05 Jan Joseph Pulitzer's Home Destroyed by Fire: A tragic morning fire consumed the New York City home of Joseph Pulitzer, the renowned newspaper publisher and future founder of the prestigious Pulitzer Prize. The devastating blaze resulted in the loss of life, including a governess and a family friend, and occurred at 7:30 AM on East 55th Street.
06 Jan Indian Famine Crisis: The Indian famine of 1899–1900 began with the failure of the summer monsoons in 1899, affecting an area of 476,000 square miles and a population of 59.5 million. The famine was acute in the Central Provinces and Berar, the Bombay Presidency, and other regions. source: en.wikipedia.org
08 Jan McKinley places Alaska under military rule: On January 8, 1900, President William McKinley placed Alaska under military rule to restore order amid lawlessness and regulate mining and land claims. This decision aimed to establish governance in the region, marking a significant shift in Alaska's development. source: en.wikipedia.org
09 Jan Founding of Lazio Football Club: On January 9, 1900, nine young athletes founded Società Podistica Lazio in Rome's Prati district, initially as a running club. The club later expanded to include football in 1901. source: sslazio.it
12 Jan First Bubonic Plague Death in Australia: Wilhelm Eppstein, an 18-year-old German sailor, became the first person in Australia to die of bubonic plague on January 12, 1900. He had traveled from Gawler, South Australia, to the Adelaide Hospital on January 1, arriving in a semi-delirious condition and stating he had deserted from the ship Formosa after it arrived on November 12. Following his death in quarantine, an autopsy confirmed the presence of the plague bacteria. source: en.wikipedia.org
18 Jan Battle of Mazocoba during Yaqui Wars: On January 18, 1900, Mexican Army forces engaged Yaqui warriors near Mazocoba, Sonora, Mexico. The battle resulted in significant casualties, with hundreds killed or wounded and over 1,000 Yaquis captured. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 Jan Death of R.D. Blackmore, notable English novelist: On January 20, 1900, R.D. Blackmore, the renowned English novelist known for works like 'Lorna Doone,' passed away. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Jan Library of Congress Newspaper Reading Room opens: On January 22, 1900, the Library of Congress Newspaper Reading Room opened, providing access to a vast collection of historical newspapers. source: loc.gov
23 Jan Battle of Spion Kop during Second Boer War: On January 23, 1900, during the Second Boer War, British forces engaged Boer troops at Spion Kop, resulting in significant casualties on both sides. source: en.wikipedia.org
24 Jan Battle of Spion Kop during Second Boer War: On January 24, 1900, British forces continued their engagement with Boer troops at Spion Kop, leading to further casualties and strategic developments in the Second Boer War. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Jan Bubonic Plague outbreak in Honolulu: On January 25, 1900, health authorities in Honolulu conducted controlled burns to combat a bubonic plague outbreak in Chinatown. The fire spread out of control, destroying a significant portion of the district and leaving thousands homeless. source: history.com
30 Jan Assassination of Kentucky Governor William Goebel: On January 30, 1900, William Goebel, the Governor-elect of Kentucky, was shot while approaching the State Capitol in Frankfort. Despite being mortally wounded, he was sworn in as governor the following day. Goebel died from his injuries on February 3, 1900, making him the only U.S. governor to be assassinated while in office. source: washingtonpost.com
01 Feb European Labor Strikes for Workers' Rights: Coordinated labor strikes erupted in Aachen, Vienna, and Brussels, with workers demanding an eight-hour workday and increased wages. These simultaneous protests represented a growing international labor movement seeking improved working conditions in the early 20th century.
03 Feb Assassination of William Goebel: On January 30, 1900, Kentucky Governor-elect William Goebel was shot outside the Old State Capitol in Frankfort. Despite being sworn in on his deathbed, he succumbed to his injuries on February 3, 1900, becoming the only U.S. governor assassinated while in office. source: atlasobscura.com
04 Feb Deadly Heat Wave in Buenos Aires: Between January 29 and February 4, 1900, Buenos Aires experienced its worst heat wave in 20 years, resulting in 403 deaths from heat-related illnesses. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Feb Theodore Roosevelt's Vice Presidential Candidacy Statement: On February 12, 1900, Theodore Roosevelt publicly declared his refusal to accept the vice-presidential nomination, stating he would not "under any circumstances" accept the position. Despite his declaration, the Republican Party continued to consider him for the role. source: raabcollection.com
17 Feb Second Boer War: Battle of Paardeberg: On February 17, 1900, British forces initiated a pincer movement involving cavalry and infantry against Boer positions near Paardeberg Drift, Orange Free State. This marked the beginning of the Battle of Paardeberg, a significant engagement in the Second Boer War. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Feb Establishment of the Davis Cup Tennis Trophy: On February 9, 1900, Dwight F. Davis, a Harvard University student, commissioned a sterling silver trophy for an international tennis competition between the United States and Great Britain. The trophy was completed on February 21, 1900, and the inaugural match took place in August 1900 at the Longwood Cricket Club in Boston, Massachusetts. source: history.co.uk
22 Feb Luis Buñuel born: Luis Buñuel Portolés was born on February 22, 1900, in Calanda, Aragon, Spain. He became a renowned Spanish-Mexican filmmaker, known for his avant-garde surrealism and political commentary. source: en.wikipedia.org
27 Feb Second Boer War: Surrender at Battle of Paardeberg: On February 27, 1900, during the Second Boer War, Boer General Piet Cronjé surrendered to British forces at the Battle of Paardeberg. This marked the first major British victory in the war, with over 4,000 Boer soldiers surrendering. source: veterans.gc.ca
03 Mar Hall of Fame for Great Americans Founded: The Hall of Fame for Great Americans was established in 1900, honoring U.S. citizens who have achieved distinction or fame. Located on the campus of Bronx Community College in New York City, it features bronze portrait busts of notable individuals. source: britannica.com
05 Mar Hall of Fame for Great Americans Founded: The Hall of Fame for Great Americans was established in 1900, honoring U.S. citizens who have achieved distinction or fame. Located on the campus of Bronx Community College in New York City, it features bronze portrait busts of notable individuals. source: britannica.com
10 Mar Buganda Agreement formalizes British control over Buganda: On March 10, 1900, the Buganda Agreement was signed, establishing the Kingdom of Buganda as a province within the British Uganda Protectorate. The agreement recognized the Kabaka (king) as the ruler, provided statutory recognition to the Lukiko (council of chiefs), and outlined the kingdom's boundaries and taxation policies. source: en.wikipedia.org
11 Mar Fall of Bloemfontein during Second Boer War: On March 11, 1900, during the Second Boer War, British forces captured Bloemfontein, the capital of the Orange Free State. This marked a significant turning point in the war, leading to the eventual British victory. source: en.wikipedia.org
13 Mar Birth of Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet: Giorgos Seferis, a renowned Greek poet and diplomat, was born on March 13, 1900. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1963 for his contributions to poetry. source: en.wikipedia.org
14 Mar Gold Standard Act passed in the United States: On March 14, 1900, the United States passed the Gold Standard Act, which established gold as the sole basis for redeeming paper currency, effectively placing the U.S. on the gold standard. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 Mar United States adopts the gold standard: On March 15, 1900, the United States officially adopted the gold standard, following the passage of the Gold Standard Act the previous day, solidifying gold as the basis for the nation's monetary system. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 Mar Archaeological Discovery at Knossos: On March 16, 1900, British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans began excavations at Knossos, Crete, leading to the discovery of the Minoan civilization. This marked the beginning of one of the most significant archaeological projects of the 20th century. source: knossos-palace.gr
20 Mar Nikola Tesla receives patent for wireless power transmission system: On March 20, 1900, Nikola Tesla was granted U.S. Patent No. 645,576 for his "System of Transmission of Electrical Energy," describing a method for transmitting electrical energy wirelessly over long distances. This patent laid the foundation for his vision of a global wireless power system. source: en.wikipedia.org
23 Mar Archaeological discovery of Knossos Palace: On March 23, 1900, Sir Arthur Evans began excavations at the ancient Minoan site of Knossos on Crete, leading to significant archaeological findings that revealed the grandeur of the Minoan civilization. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 Mar Death of Piet Joubert, prominent South African military leader: Piet Joubert, a key figure in the Second Boer War and Commandant-General of the South African Republic, died in Pretoria from peritonitis on March 28, 1900. He had been injured in a raid south of the Tugela River in November 1899, leading to his physical decline and eventual death. source: en.wikipedia.org
31 Mar Frank Milligan Cricket Player Dies: Frank Milligan, a cricket player who participated in the Mafeking Tests between England and South Africa in 1898-99, passes away.
02 Apr Foraker Act Grants Limited Self-Rule to Puerto Rico: The Foraker Act, also known as the Organic Act of 1900, was enacted on April 2, 1900, granting limited self-rule to Puerto Rico, which had been acquired by the United States following the Spanish-American War. source: en.wikipedia.org
05 Apr Attempted assassination of Prince of Wales in Brussels: On April 5, 1900, Jean-Baptiste Sipido, a 15-year-old Belgian anarchist, attempted to assassinate the Prince of Wales at Brussels-North railway station. As the royal train departed, Sipido fired two shots through the window of the Prince's carriage, both of which missed. He was quickly apprehended and later acquitted due to his age, leading to tensions between Britain and Belgium. source: theguardian.com
08 Apr Seventeenth Amendment ratified: direct election of senators: On April 8, 1900, the Seventeenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, establishing the direct election of U.S. senators by the people, rather than by state legislatures. source: en.wikipedia.org
11 Apr US Navy purchases first submarine: On April 11, 1900, the U.S. Navy acquired its first submarine, the USS Holland, designed by John Philip Holland. This vessel marked a significant advancement in naval technology, combining electric motors for submerged travel and gasoline engines for surface propulsion. The purchase laid the foundation for the modern U.S. submarine fleet. source: loc.gov
12 Apr Foraker Act establishes Puerto Rico's governance: On April 12, 1900, the Foraker Act was enacted, establishing a civilian government in Puerto Rico. This legislation provided for an executive branch led by a governor and a bicameral legislature, marking a significant shift in the island's political structure following its acquisition by the United States. source: en.wikipedia.org
14 Apr Paris World Exhibition opens: The Exposition Universelle, also known as the Paris World Exhibition, opened on April 14, 1900. This world's fair celebrated the achievements of the past century and showcased innovations in art, technology, and culture, attracting millions of visitors from around the world. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 Apr Leaders of Tutuila and Aunu'u Sign Deed of Cession to the United States: On April 17, 1900, the chiefs of Tutuila and Aunu'u islands signed a treaty granting the United States full powers and authority to govern the islands, marking the formal cession of these territories. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Apr Battle of Kousséri: French Colonial Conquest in Chad: On April 22, 1900, French forces defeated Rabih az-Zubayr's army at the Battle of Kousséri in present-day northern Cameroon, leading to French control over Chad. Both commanders, Major Amédée-François Lamy and Rabih az-Zubayr, were killed in the battle. source: en.wikipedia.org
27 Apr Birth of Walter Lantz, pioneering animator: Walter Lantz, an influential American animator and producer, was born on April 27, 1900. He is best known for creating the character Woody Woodpecker and for his work in the animation industry during the early to mid-20th century. source: britannica.com
29 Apr Tragic bridge collapse at Paris World Exposition: On April 29, 1900, a bridge collapse occurred during the Paris World Exposition, resulting in numerous casualties. This incident highlighted safety concerns at large public events and led to changes in regulations. source: britannica.com
30 Apr United States annexes Hawaii: On April 30, 1900, the United States officially annexed Hawaii, marking a significant moment in U.S. territorial expansion. This event followed the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893. source: britannica.com
01 May Scofield Mine disaster in Utah: The Scofield Mine disaster occurred on May 1, 1900, in Utah, resulting in the deaths of over 200 miners. This tragic event raised awareness about mining safety and labor conditions in the United States. source: britannica.com
02 May Siege of Mafeking ends: The Siege of Mafeking, a significant event during the Second Boer War, ended on May 2, 1900. The relief of the town became a symbol of British resilience and determination during the conflict. source: britannica.com
03 May 26th Kentucky Derby Won by Jimmy Boland: On May 3, 1900, the 26th Kentucky Derby was held at Churchill Downs. The winning horse, Lieut. Gibson, was ridden by jockey Jimmy Boland, trained by Charles H. Hughes, and owned by Charles H. Smith. The race set a new Derby record with a time of 2:06.25. source: en.wikipedia.org
14 May 1900 Summer Olympics open in Paris: The 1900 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the II Olympiad, commenced in Paris, France, on May 14, 1900. These Games were notable for being the first to include female athletes and were held as part of the 1900 Exposition Universelle (World's Fair). source: en.wikipedia.org
19 May First International Wildlife Conservation Treaty: The Convention for the Preservation of Wild Animals, Birds and Fish in Africa was signed by France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the Congo Free State. This treaty aimed to prevent the uncontrolled massacre and ensure the conservation of diverse wild animal species in their African possessions. source: cambridge.org
23 May William Carney becomes first African American Medal of Honor recipient: On May 23, 1900, Sergeant William Harvey Carney was awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism during the Civil War's Battle of Fort Wagner in 1863. Carney, a member of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, protected the American flag under heavy fire, inspiring his comrades despite being wounded twice. His actions were recognized nearly 37 years later, making him the first African American to receive the Medal of Honor. source: history.com
28 May Total Solar Eclipse of 1900: A total solar eclipse occurred on May 28, 1900, with a magnitude of 1.0249. The path of totality was visible from parts of Mexico, the United States, Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Tripoli, and Egypt. A partial solar eclipse was also visible over parts of North America, Central America, the Caribbean, northern South America, Europe, West Africa, and North Africa. source: en.wikipedia.org
31 May British forces occupy Johannesburg during the Second Boer War: On May 31, 1900, British forces captured Johannesburg, the capital of the Transvaal Republic, during the Second Boer War. This marked a significant turning point in the conflict, as British troops advanced towards Pretoria, the Boer capital. The occupation followed the Battle of Doornkop, where British forces defeated Boer troops, paving the way for the capture of Johannesburg. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Jun Boxer Rebellion escalates: The Boxer Rebellion, a violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprising in China, escalated in 1900, leading to significant international military intervention. The uprising was fueled by nationalist sentiments against foreign imperialism and resulted in the Eight-Nation Alliance's intervention to protect their interests in China. source: britannica.com
05 Jun British capture of Pretoria during Second Boer War: On June 5, 1900, British forces under Lord Roberts captured Pretoria, the capital of the Transvaal Republic, during the Second Boer War. This strategic victory was part of the British advance into Boer territory, following the capture of Bloemfontein on March 13 and Johannesburg on May 31. The fall of Pretoria marked a significant turning point in the conflict, leading to the eventual annexation of the Transvaal and Orange Free State by Britain. source: awm.gov.au
06 Jun American Red Cross federal charter signed: On June 6, 1900, the American Red Cross received its first congressional charter, formalizing its role in providing disaster relief and assisting the U.S. military. Founded by Clara Barton in 1881, the organization had been operating as a private entity until this federal recognition, which expanded its responsibilities and resources. source: redcross.org
10 Jun Multinational Force Deploys to Beijing During Boxer Rebellion: On June 10, 1900, a multinational force of approximately 2,000 sailors and marines from Britain, Germany, Russia, France, the United States, Japan, Italy, and Austria-Hungary, led by British Vice Admiral Edward Hobart Seymour, departed from Tianjin to Beijing to protect foreign nationals and suppress the Boxer Rebellion. The force encountered significant resistance and was forced to retreat back to Tianjin after heavy casualties. source: britannica.com
11 Jun McKinley Establishes American Red Cross Federal Charter: On June 11, 1900, President William McKinley signed a federal charter establishing the American Red Cross, formalizing its role in providing emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education in the United States. source: redcross.org
13 Jun Boxer Rebellion in China: The Boxer Rebellion, an anti-foreign and anti-Christian uprising, intensified in China on June 13, 1900, with increased attacks on foreign nationals and Chinese Christians, leading to the siege of the foreign legations in Beijing. source: history.com
14 Jun Hawaii Becomes a U.S. Territory: On June 14, 1900, the United States Congress passed the Organic Act, officially establishing Hawaii as a U.S. territory. source: archives.gov
16 Jun Opening of the Elbe–Lübeck Canal: On June 16, 1900, the Elbe–Lübeck Canal was officially opened in Germany. This canal provided a direct maritime route between the Elbe River and the Baltic Sea, facilitating trade and naval movements. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 Jun Boxer Rebellion: Capture of Taku Forts: On June 17, 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, Allied forces captured the Taku Forts in Tianjin, China. This strategic victory allowed the Allies to secure access to Beijing and relieve the besieged foreign legations. source: en.wikipedia.org
19 Jun Boxer Rebellion Ultimatum in Beijing: On June 19, 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, the Qing government sent messengers to offer foreign legation members safe passage out of Beijing. However, the foreigners killed the messengers, leading to the Qing government's declaration of war on foreign powers. source: thoughtco.com
20 Jun Boxer Rebellion: Violent Anti-Foreign Uprising in China: On June 20, 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, the Boxers began a siege of Beijing’s Legation District, where foreign diplomats and Chinese Christians had taken refuge. This marked a significant escalation in the anti-foreign violence in China. source: britannica.com
21 Jun Boxer Rebellion: China declares war on multiple powers: On June 21, 1900, Empress Dowager Cixi of China issued an imperial decree declaring war against eleven foreign powers, including Russia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, and the Netherlands. This declaration aligned the Qing dynasty with the Boxer rebels, escalating the Boxer Rebellion into a broader conflict. source: en.wikipedia.org
23 Jun Allied rescue operation in Tianjin during Boxer Rebellion: On June 23, 1900, the Eight-Nation Alliance, comprising Japan, Russia, Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary, initiated a rescue operation in Tianjin to relieve the siege of foreign legations in Beijing. This operation was part of a broader effort to protect foreign nationals and suppress the Boxer Rebellion. source: en.wikipedia.org
27 Jun Franco-Spanish Colonial Boundary Agreement in West Africa: On June 27, 1900, Spain and France signed the Treaty of Paris, delineating their colonial borders in the Sahara Desert and Equatorial Africa. This agreement resolved territorial disputes, particularly concerning the Río de Oro region and Spanish Guinea, by establishing clear boundaries between the two nations' African colonies. source: en.wikipedia.org
28 Jun British Capture of Pretoria during Second Boer War: On June 5, 1900, British forces under Lord Roberts captured Pretoria, the capital of the South African Republic, during the Second Boer War. This significant event marked a turning point in the conflict, leading to the eventual British victory. source: en.wikipedia.org
29 Jun Birth of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry: Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, the French writer and aviator best known for his novella 'The Little Prince,' was born on June 29, 1900, in Lyon, France. His works have left a lasting impact on literature and aviation. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Jul Galveston Hurricane of 1900: The Galveston Hurricane struck on September 8, 1900, causing widespread devastation in Galveston, Texas. It remains the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history, with an estimated 6,000 to 12,000 fatalities. source: en.wikipedia.org
05 Jul Australian Commonwealth Constitution Act passed: The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act was passed by the British Parliament on 5 July 1900, establishing the legal framework for the federation of Australian colonies into the Commonwealth of Australia. It received royal assent from Queen Victoria on 9 July 1900 and took effect on 1 January 1901. source: aph.gov.au
06 Jul Hawaii becomes U.S. territory: Hawaii was annexed by the United States on 7 July 1898, becoming a U.S. territory. The Organic Act, which provided a civil government for Hawaii, was enacted on 30 April 1900, and it officially became a U.S. territory on 7 July 1900. source: en.wikipedia.org
11 Jul First female Olympic individual champion: On July 11, 1900, Charlotte Cooper of Great Britain won the women's singles tennis event at the Paris Olympics, becoming the first individual female Olympic champion. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Jul McKinley's presidential re-nomination: On July 12, 1900, President William McKinley was re-nominated as the Republican candidate for the 1900 presidential election during the Republican National Convention in Philadelphia. source: en.wikipedia.org
13 Jul First Governor-General of Australia appointed: On July 13, 1900, Lord Hopetoun was appointed as the first Governor-General of Australia, representing the British monarch in the newly federated Commonwealth. source: en.wikipedia.org
14 Jul First modern Olympic Games open in Athens: On July 14, 1900, the first modern Olympic Games opened in Athens, Greece, marking a significant milestone in the history of the Olympic movement. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 Jul Tchou-kia-ho siege and massacre: On July 15, 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion in China, the village of Tchou-kia-ho (Zhujiahe) in Hebei Province was besieged by Boxers and Imperial soldiers. After a three-day siege, the village was overrun, resulting in a devastating massacre of approximately 3,000 Chinese Christians. source: takemeback.to
19 Jul Paris Métro inaugural line opens: The first line of the Paris Métro, connecting Porte de Vincennes and Porte Maillot, was inaugurated on July 19, 1900, during the Paris World's Fair. This marked a significant advancement in urban transportation for the city. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Jul Pope Leo XIII's encyclical to Greek-Melkite Church: On July 21, 1900, Pope Leo XIII issued the encyclical "Omnibus Compertum," addressing unity among the Greek-Melkite Church. The document emphasized the importance of harmony and collaboration within the church. source: vatican.va
22 Jul Hawaii becomes U.S. incorporated territory: On July 22, 1900, Hawaii was officially designated as an incorporated territory of the United States, following the passage of the Newlands Resolution. This marked a significant step in Hawaii's path toward statehood.
28 Jul Albert Einstein graduates from ETH Zürich: Albert Einstein graduated from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic (ETH Zürich) on July 28, 1900, with a diploma in teaching physics and mathematics. source: biography.com
29 Jul Assassination of King Umberto I of Italy: King Umberto I of Italy was assassinated by Italian-American anarchist Gaetano Bresci in Monza on July 29, 1900. source: history.com
31 Jul Boer Generals Surrender in Brandwater Basin: On July 31, 1900, Boer generals Piet Cronjé and Koos de la Rey surrendered to British forces in the Brandwater Basin during the Second Anglo-Boer War. source: en.wikipedia.org
03 Aug Firestone Tire & Rubber Company Established: Harvey S. Firestone founded the Firestone Tire & Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio, on August 3, 1900. The company began with 12 employees and initially produced tires for horse-drawn wagons and buggies. source: firestonetire.com
04 Aug Birth of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, Queen Mother of the United Kingdom: Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon, later known as the Queen Mother, was born on August 4, 1900, in St. Paul’s Waldenbury, Hertfordshire, England. She was the wife of King George VI and mother of Queen Elizabeth II. source: britannica.com
08 Aug First Davis Cup Tennis Tournament: The inaugural International Lawn Tennis Challenge, later known as the Davis Cup, took place from August 8 to 10, 1900, at the Longwood Cricket Club in Boston, Massachusetts. The United States team, led by Dwight F. Davis, defeated the British Isles 3-0, with Davis himself winning the opening match against Ernests Black. source: history.co.uk
14 Aug Battle of Peking during Boxer Rebellion: On August 14, 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, an international force comprising British, Russian, American, Japanese, French, and German troops entered Beijing to relieve the besieged foreign legations. This marked a significant turning point in the conflict, leading to the eventual suppression of the Boxer Rebellion. source: history.com
15 Aug Empress Dowager Cixi Flees Beijing During Boxer Rebellion: On August 15, 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, Empress Dowager Cixi and her court fled Beijing, leaving behind a few imperial princes to conduct negotiations. This retreat marked a significant moment in the conflict. source: britannica.com
17 Aug Allied Troops Enter the Forbidden City During Boxer Rebellion: On August 17, 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion, Allied troops entered the Forbidden City in Beijing. This marked a significant moment in the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion. source: nam.ac.uk
18 Aug Eight-Nation Alliance March to Beijing During Boxer Rebellion: On August 18, 1900, the Eight-Nation Alliance, comprising forces from eight nations, marched to Beijing during the Boxer Rebellion. This military action was part of the international response to the uprising. source: history.co.uk
23 Aug Emperor Conrad's sarcophagus opened: On August 23, 1900, researchers opened the sarcophagus of Emperor Conrad II of the Holy Roman Empire, revealing he was exceptionally tall at 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) and had a long beard. source: takemeback.to
25 Aug Galveston Hurricane of 1900: Deadliest Natural Disaster in US History: On August 25, 1900, the Galveston Hurricane struck, becoming the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history with an estimated 6,000 to 12,000 fatalities. source: weather.gov
27 Aug Battle of Bergendal during Second Boer War: The Battle of Bergendal, also known as the Battle of Belfast, occurred on August 27, 1900, during the Second Boer War, resulting in a British victory. source: britannica.com
30 Aug British prisoners released in South Africa: On August 30, 1900, the Boers released approximately 900 British prisoners from Nooitgedacht, who were then detained at Nooitgedacht. They were eventually released by the Earl of Dundonald on the 30th of August 1900. source: wmbr.org.za
31 Aug British military occupation of Johannesburg: On August 31, 1900, British forces occupied Johannesburg during the Second Anglo-Boer War. source: en.wikipedia.org
08 Sep Galveston Hurricane of 1900: Deadliest Natural Disaster in U.S. History: On September 8, 1900, a Category 4 hurricane struck Galveston, Texas, causing widespread devastation. The storm resulted in an estimated 6,000 to 12,000 fatalities, making it the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history. The hurricane destroyed over 3,600 buildings and left approximately 10,000 people homeless in Galveston. source: britannica.com
10 Sep Galveston Sharpshooters respond to hurricane aftermath: In the aftermath of the devastating hurricane that struck Galveston, Texas, on September 8, 1900, local sharpshooters were mobilized to help restore order and assist in recovery efforts. The hurricane is considered one of the deadliest natural disasters in U.S. history, leading to significant loss of life and property. source: archives.gov
11 Sep Galveston hurricane of 1900: The Galveston hurricane of 1900 struck the Texas coast on September 8, causing catastrophic damage and resulting in an estimated 8,000 to 12,000 fatalities. It remains the deadliest hurricane in U.S. history, leading to significant changes in hurricane forecasting and disaster preparedness. source: nhc.noaa.gov
12 Sep Taft Commission establishes first laws in the Philippines: On September 12, 1900, the Taft Commission, appointed by President William McKinley, began establishing the first civil government in the Philippines. This marked a significant step in the American colonial administration following the Spanish-American War. source: britannica.com
13 Sep Battle of Pulang Lupa: Filipino resistance against American forces: The Battle of Pulang Lupa occurred on September 13, 1900, during the Philippine-American War. Filipino forces engaged American troops in a fierce battle, showcasing the ongoing resistance against American colonial rule. source: britannica.com
14 Sep Wilbur Wright's first Kitty Hawk visit: On September 14, 1900, Wilbur Wright made his first visit to Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to conduct experiments with gliders. This visit was crucial in the development of powered flight, leading to significant advancements in aviation. source: britannica.com
15 Sep Founding of Rikken Seiyūkai political party in Japan: On September 15, 1900, the Rikken Seiyūkai political party was founded in Japan. This party played a significant role in Japanese politics during the early 20th century, advocating for constitutional government and political reform. source: britannica.com
16 Sep Death of Prince Albert of Saxony: Prince Albert Charles Anthony Louis William Victor of Saxony died on September 16, 1900, in a traffic accident near Wölkau, Germany. His carriage was struck by a phaeton driven by Prince Miguel of Braganza, leading to his fatal injuries. source: en.wikipedia.org
17 Sep Commonwealth of Australia proclaimed: On September 17, 1900, the Commonwealth of Australia was proclaimed, marking the unification of the six Australian colonies into a single nation under the British Empire. source: en.wikipedia.org
18 Sep First Primary Election in the United States: The first primary election in the United States was held on September 18, 1900, in the state of Oregon, allowing voters to select party nominees for the first time. source: en.wikipedia.org
04 Oct Sherlock Holmes Adventure: Problem of Thor Bridge published: The Sherlock Holmes story 'The Problem of Thor Bridge' was published in 1900, featuring the famous detective created by Arthur Conan Doyle. This tale is part of the collection 'The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes'. source: britannica.com
05 Oct Venezuela restricts navigation on Orinoco River: On October 5, 1900, Venezuela implemented restrictions on navigation along the Orinoco River, impacting trade and transportation. This decision was part of broader efforts to control river traffic and resources. source: bbc.com
06 Oct British annexation of the Orange Free State: On October 6, 1900, during the Second Boer War, the British government officially annexed the Orange Free State, declaring it the Orange River Colony. This followed the occupation of Bloemfontein, the capital, on March 13, 1900. Despite the annexation, Boer forces continued to resist until the Treaty of Vereeniging in 1902. source: en.wikipedia.org
07 Oct Birth of Heinrich Himmler: Heinrich Himmler, a leading member of the Nazi Party and head of the SS, was born on October 7, 1900, in Munich, Germany. He played a central role in the implementation of the Holocaust during World War II. source: en.wikipedia.org
11 Oct Li Hongzhang negotiates peace after Boxer Rebellion: On October 11, 1900, Chinese diplomat Li Hongzhang signed the Boxer Protocol, ending the Boxer Rebellion and establishing terms for foreign intervention in China. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Oct USS Holland commissioned as first modern submarine: On October 12, 1900, the USS Holland (SS-1) was commissioned by the U.S. Navy, marking the first modern submarine in service. source: en.wikipedia.org
15 Oct Mervyn LeRoy, notable movie producer, born: Mervyn LeRoy, an influential American film producer and director, was born on October 15, 1900. He is known for his work in Hollywood during the early to mid-20th century. source: britannica.com
16 Oct Founding of L'Auto-Velo: On October 16, 1900, the French daily sports newspaper L'Auto-Vélo was established. Founded by Henri Desgrange, the publication aimed to rival Le Vélo and played a pivotal role in promoting cycling and other sports in France. In 1903, it was renamed L'Auto and became the organizer of the Tour de France. source: fr.wikipedia.org
17 Oct Bernhard von Bülow appointed German Chancellor: On October 17, 1900, Bernhard von Bülow was appointed Chancellor of the German Empire and Prime Minister of Prussia by Emperor Wilhelm II. He succeeded Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, and served in these roles until 1909. source: britannica.com
18 Oct Wright Brothers' untethered glider flights: On October 18, 1900, the Wright brothers conducted their first untethered glider flights at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina. These flights marked a significant advancement in their pursuit of powered flight. source: en.wikipedia.org
19 Oct Max Planck presents revolutionary radiation law: On October 19, 1900, German physicist Max Planck presented his groundbreaking work on black-body radiation, introducing Planck's law, which laid the foundation for quantum theory. source: en.wikipedia.org
21 Oct American military engagement in Philippine-American War: On October 21, 1900, during the Philippine-American War, American forces engaged in combat operations against Filipino insurgents, continuing the U.S. military's efforts to suppress the Philippine independence movement. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Oct Death of John Sherman, Prominent Statesman: John Sherman, a prominent American politician who served as the 35th United States Secretary of State, died in Washington, D.C., on October 22, 1900. He was known for his significant contributions to U.S. legislation, including the Sherman Antitrust Act. source: presidency.ucsb.edu
23 Oct Wright Brothers' First Untethered Glider Flights: On October 23, 1900, the Wright brothers conducted their first untethered glider flights at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, marking a significant milestone in the history of aviation. source: en.wikipedia.org
24 Oct Winston Churchill Enters Parliament: On October 24, 1900, Winston Churchill, a British statesman and future Prime Minister, was elected to the House of Commons, marking his entry into British parliamentary politics. source: en.wikipedia.org
25 Oct British Annexation of Transvaal: On October 25, 1900, the British government formally annexed the Transvaal region in South Africa, following the conclusion of the Second Anglo-Boer War. source: en.wikipedia.org
31 Oct Scottish Presbyterian Churches merge to form United Free Church of Scotland: On October 31, 1900, the Free Church of Scotland and the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland united to form the United Free Church of Scotland. This union combined 1,068 Free Church congregations and 593 United Presbyterian congregations, resulting in a membership of approximately half a million Scots. source: en.wikipedia.org
01 Nov Tsar Nicholas II contracts typhoid fever: On November 1, 1900, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia became seriously ill with typhoid fever during his stay at Livadia Palace in Crimea. His illness led to a crisis in the Russian Empire, with discussions about potential succession, as he had no male heirs at the time. source: en.wikipedia.org
02 Nov Tsar Nicholas II struck by typhoid fever: On November 2, 1900, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was diagnosed with typhoid fever during his stay at Livadia Palace in Crimea. His illness led to a crisis in the Russian Empire, with discussions about potential succession, as he had no male heirs at the time. source: en.wikipedia.org
05 Nov First chemical synthesis of epinephrine: On November 5, 1900, Japanese chemist Jokichi Takamine filed a patent for a glandular extractive product he called "adrenalin," marking the first chemical synthesis of epinephrine. source: juliantrubin.com
06 Nov McKinley and Roosevelt electoral victory: On November 6, 1900, incumbent President William McKinley and his running mate Theodore Roosevelt were re-elected, defeating Democratic challenger William Jennings Bryan. source: britannica.com
07 Nov U.S. presidential election of 1900: On November 7, 1900, the United States held its presidential election, re-electing William McKinley as president. source: britannica.com
08 Nov Publication of 'Sister Carrie' by Theodore Dreiser: On November 8, 1900, Theodore Dreiser's novel "Sister Carrie" was published, marking a significant contribution to American literature. source: britannica.com
10 Nov US military restructures Puerto Rico administration: On November 10, 1900, the US military restructured the administration of Puerto Rico, following its acquisition from Spain. This change aimed to improve governance and local administration. source: loc.gov
11 Nov Baron de Coubertin announces 1904 Olympic Games host: On November 11, 1900, Baron Pierre de Coubertin announced that St. Louis would host the 1904 Olympic Games. This decision was pivotal in the history of the modern Olympic movement. source: britannica.com
12 Nov 1900 Paris World's Fair concludes: The Exposition Universelle, also known as the 1900 Paris World's Fair, concluded on November 12, 1900. This event showcased the achievements of the past century and aimed to accelerate development into the next. It was the sixth of ten major expositions held in Paris between 1855 and 1937. source: en.wikipedia.org
20 Nov Rare November Tornado in Tennessee and Mississippi: A deadly tornado outbreak occurred on November 20–21, 1900, affecting parts of Arkansas, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama. The strongest tornado, rated F4, struck Columbia, Tennessee, killing 27 people. Another F4 tornado devastated areas in Mississippi, resulting in at least 42 fatalities. source: weather.gov
28 Nov Tsar Nicholas II recovers from typhoid fever: Tsar Nicholas II of Russia fell ill with typhoid fever in late October 1900 during his stay in Livadia, Crimea. His wife, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, nursed him back to health, and he began recovering on November 28, 1900. source: tsarnicholas.org
29 Nov Lord Kitchener assumes command in South Africa: Following the defeat of conventional Boer forces, Lord Kitchener succeeded Field Marshal Lord Roberts as Commander-in-Chief of British forces in South Africa during the Second Boer War on November 29, 1900. source: sahistory.org.za
30 Nov Death of Oscar Wilde: Renowned Irish writer and poet Oscar Wilde died on November 30, 1900, in Paris, France. source: britannica.com
06 Dec Birth of Agnes Moorehead: Agnes Robertson Moorehead, an American actress known for her roles in radio, stage, film, and television, was born on December 6, 1900, in Clinton, Massachusetts. source: en.wikipedia.org
07 Dec Philippine-American War Conflict: Rebel leader General Emilio Verdeflor is killed in battle by troops led by Major H.B. McCoy during the ongoing American war in the Philippines.
11 Dec William D. Coleman resigns as President of Liberia: Facing increasing opposition over his policies towards native tribes and internal governance, William D. Coleman resigned as the 13th President of Liberia on December 11, 1900. His successor, Garretson W. Gibson, assumed office as the 14th President. source: en.wikipedia.org
12 Dec Quantum Mechanics foundational theory published: On December 12, 1900, German physicist Max Planck presented his groundbreaking study on black-body radiation, introducing the concept of energy quanta. This work laid the foundation for quantum mechanics, revolutionizing modern physics. source: history.com
13 Dec Einstein's first academic publication: Albert Einstein's first academic publication, titled "On the Investigation of the State of the Ether in a Magnetic Field," was published in the Annalen der Physik journal on December 13, 1900. This work introduced the concept of the "photoelectric effect," a phenomenon that would later earn him the Nobel Prize in Physics. source: en.wikipedia.org
14 Dec Birth of Quantum Mechanics: Max Planck's Revolutionary Radiation Law: On December 14, 1900, Max Planck presented his quantum theory to the German Physical Society in Berlin, introducing the concept of energy quanta. This marked the birth of quantum mechanics, fundamentally changing the understanding of physics. source: history.com
15 Dec Boer forces defeat British troops in Magaliesberg Battle: On December 15, 1900, during the Second Boer War, Boer forces achieved a significant victory over British troops in the Magaliesberg region. The battle resulted in the capture of British soldiers and the destruction of military supplies. source: en.wikipedia.org
16 Dec Mediterranean Agreement between France and Italy: On December 16, 1900, France and Italy signed the Mediterranean Agreement, a secret treaty aimed at countering the influence of the United Kingdom in the Mediterranean region. The agreement outlined mutual support in case of aggression by a third power. source: en.wikipedia.org
22 Dec Diplomatic note signed in Beijing by Western powers and Japan: On December 22, 1900, at 11:00 AM, the ministers of Western nations and Japan signed a diplomatic note in Beijing, outlining conditions for China to accept. This note addressed serious disturbances and crimes that occurred in northern China earlier that year. source: history.state.gov
23 Dec Marc Allégret, French film director, born: Marc Allégret was born on December 22, 1900, in Basel, Switzerland. He was a French screenwriter, photographer, and film director, known for his exacting film technique and for discovering new talents in French cinema. source: britannica.com
28 Dec First electric furnace steel production: On December 28, 1900, the Heroult Company delivered 9,000 kg of steel bars produced using an electric furnace to Schneider & Co., marking the first steel produced by electrometallurgy. source: en.wikipedia.org

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